V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) female pollinate. Vigorous, productive variety ripening in mid-season to give large, very sweet (16% sugar) fruit with medium thick skin. No other details as yet.
This variety is a V. Labrusca/Vinifera hybrid, created by E. Rogers, dating from the 1850's. It was derived from a Carter x Black Hamburg cross and is notable as being the only self-fertile variety among that gentlemans named hybrids. Precariously hardy in severe winters, it tolerates heavy soils, ripening soon after Concord to produce dark purplish red fruit with a decidedly foxy flavor that keep well, improving in flavor a few weeks after picking. Historically used to make a refined light red or rosé wine popularly used as a flavorful blending agent.
Complex V.rotundifolia (i.e. Muscadine) cultivar created at Leesburg, Florida. Derived from a Fry (Early) x Southland cross by J. Mortenson and J. Harris. Is a black-skinned berry variety recommended as suitable for planting in the Gulf States of USA. (No other details as yet).
Vigorous, productive V. Aestivalis hybrid female pollinate variety created by T.V. Munson reported to be a complex Post Oak/ Norton /Herbemont cross variety. Has a very late season (reported as early October in Missouri) maturity, even later than Villard Blanc, and requires a hot climate to fully ripen. Recommended by some as suitable for planting in Kansas and other south-central States. Does not flourish in lime-contaminated soils. Growers report mixing rows of this variety with any self-pollinating variety gives good pollination results. Reported to have poor resistance to Pierces Disease. White wine claimed to have somewhat spicy aromatic and taste flavor resemblance to Gewürztraminer.
Labruscana variety, derived from a Ontario x Gros Guillaume cross, recommended for cool climate regions. Suitable for Table or Wine use. Among the largest of the American cultivar grapes it is firm and meaty with a light Muscat flavor and is none-slipskin. Cold-hardy to -15 deg. F (-26 C) the vine is susceptible to the usual diseases. Fruit ripens early to mid-season, about two weeks before Concord.
American variety notable for the historical record. According to Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) the early history of this vine is that of two purported varieties, the Schuykill Muscadell and the Clifton Constantia, both reported as originating as found (before 1804) seedlings in the vicinity of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The former vine was also later given the synonym name of Taskers Grape after a well-known grower in Maryland. Similarly the latter vine was later given the synonym name Cape Grape by a local grower claiming that the variety originated in South Africa and under which name it secured wide distribution. (Reference to the Geilweilerhof database - via link above - discloses that the vine is listed as currently having over 20 synonym names). Both vines were later considered to be an identical V.labrusca x V.vinifera hybrid, (not to be confused with the Alexander Winter vine originated in 1884 by an Ohio grower), requiring a long growing season that precluded successful use in New York and New England. Early descriptions claim the vine unevenly ripened in late season (late October?) in the cooler climates of the USA, having black skinned berries considered quite sweet and musky, "making a very fair wine" but too pulpy and coarse for tablegrape use. Later, when the Catawba variety was widely introduced the older grape was superceded and finally completely dropped from cultivation. On a modern day note it was recently announced (8/2000) that Alexander variety vines have been planted in the Thomas Jefferson Monticello Vineyard, Monticello, Virginia, as part of a long-term plan to create an authentic reproduction of the 18th century vineyard. Otherwise it is currently regarded as a minor variety of only historical interest.
Moderately vigorous Elmer Swenson selection listed as winter hardy to -20 deg. F. or lower. Light red-skin berries. Used primarily to make a light neutral white wine with very low acid and sugar content. Best used as a blending wine to cut acidity in other high acidity wines. No other details as yet.
Winegrape cultivar developed by U. Minnesota. Recommended for planting in Saskatchewan, Canada. Similar heritage as Beta variety (below). (No other details as yet).
Recommended as suitable for cool climate regions. Is an early ripening American labruscana variety, derived from an Athens x Fredonia cross, having tight clusters of large berries. Notable for exceptional fungal disease resistance it often needs cluster-thinning because of tendency to overcrop. Recommended for juice, jelly or fruity wine production in New York state and other favorable cool climate regions.
Has synonym name Seibel 10713. No other details as yet other than it appears to be a very sparsely grown variety recommended for white wine production.
This cultivar is reported by Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) to be the result of the complex V.lincecumii derived Jaeger 43 x Unknown V.rupestris hybrid cross. Easily rooted (unlike several of the genus), vigorous and notably resistant to heat and cold, being hardy to -30 deg. F (-34 C), it was recommended as a variety suitable for red wine or port making, crossbreeding and as V.vinifera compatible rootstock that can be grown across several zones. Reported to tolerate Pierces Disease. Needing a pollinator for best set, the fruit ripens at the same time as Concord, producing purplish-black to black berries having a heavy bloom. The juice is reported to have a distinct V.rupestris flavor, highly colored and capable of staining the hands and lips.
Has synonym names Aramon Seibel and Seibel 2007. Reported as derived from a (V.rupestris x V.lincecumii) x Aramon cross. No other details as yet.
T.V. Munson hybrid derived from a Ten Dollar Prize x Black Eagle cross. Now regarded as a little-used minor grape, its main use by the originator was that of a crossing agent.
Has synonym name ES 2-8-1. Pink skinned grape reported as a ES 5-14 x Swenson (Red) cross seedling derived vine. Bred for harsh cold conditions to -28 deg. F. (-34 C) and claimed to produce a reasonably good white wine with slight herbaceous taste prone to oxidation. Ripens early in the season with low acidity. Also suitable as a tablegrape. No other details as yet.
American labruscana variety, derived from a Hubbard and Portland labruscana cross, that is one of the parents of the recent (1996) Marquis hybrid cultivar. (No other details available as yet).
This cultivar is reported by Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) to be the result of a complex American (Linc/Rup/Bourq/Labrusca) hybrid cross from the varieties America x Delaware dating from around 1899. Vigorous and hardy it ripens to give small to medium size berries with dark-purplish to red skins. Recommended by some as disease resistant variety suitable for planting in the State of Arkansas.
(No other details other than it is a tablegrape recommended as disease resistant in the State of Arkansas. Has the synonym name of Dunstan 56 and is derived from a Villard Blanc x Chaouch Blanc cross).
Has synonym names Seibel 5279 and Aurora. Hardy, early sweet French-american hybrid variety widely grown in New York State (U.S.A), but no longer recommended. Fruit usually ripens very early in late August to early September but is highly susceptible to bunch rots. Used to produce fruity, short-lived white wines of mild intensity considered to be of mediocre quality and usually vinified for bulk production and blending. Also used for sparkling wines and as a table grape resistant to most Mildew diseases. Mainly found in the colder northern temperate regions of North America and is attractive to birds.
Reported as released by Peter Arnold around 1870 in Ontario, Canada. According to Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) it was derived from a Clinton x Golden Chasselas cross. Has not retained growers favor because of its reputation for relatively poor cold-hardiness, unreliable fruit bearing and susceptibility to phylloxera plus diseases such as rot and mildew. Ripening at the same time as Delaware, it produces white to light-green fruit once hailed as "the best white grape of America" that was once used to make a musky white wine "of agreeable taste". No other details as yet.
Recorded as being a hardy, disease resistant, high acid, sterile pollinate V.riparia/labrusca variety, created by J.H Ricketts of Newburg, N.Y around 1870, derived from a Clinton O.P seedling x Unknown cross. Once occasionally grown in New York State and used to create a dark red wine. Its limitations included an inability to withstand drought or lime-rich soils plus poor suitability as a tablegrape. Budburst/flowering was early, ripening late with a long hangtime, producing small to medium fruit clusters that were judged superior in quality to the Clinton parent variety. Not to be confused with an unrelated cultivar having the sameBacchus name later created in Germany.
Has synonym name Baco 22A. No other details other than the variety is recommended for white wine production in cool climate regions.
(Pronounced "bak-ko noo-w-arh"). Has synonym name Baco No.1. A sometimes overly vigorous French-American hybrid grape released in 1902 suited to heavy soils and used to make a high acid, deeply pigmented red wine regarded by some as a good, if rustic, substitute for Cabernet Sauvignon, particularly if given a suitable finish (eg. oak). Dating from around 1955 many Canadian growers have obtained superior flavor results by planting the "George" clone of this variety. Capable of ageing, and sometimes requiring it, its origins trace to the Folle Blanche and a native American V. Riperia strain of grape. Reported as winter-hardy to about -20 deg. F (-27 C). Buds early with consequent danger of frost damage. Ripens in late September with susceptibility to bunch rot problems and is attractive to birds. Extensively grown in the cool northern regions of N. America.
Internationally grown (Brazil, India, Korea, Japan) complex American/V.vinifera (Big Berry x Triumph) derived cross variety created by T. V. Munson around 1899. While having fragile cold-hardiness it is noted for disease resistance and good productivity. Ripens early to mid-season. Used in Missouri where it is claimed to make a neutral wine reaching 20 Brix sugar content, lacking any trace of labrusca taste and to have a pleasant vinous aroma. Recommended by some as suitable for planting in Kansas and other south-central U.S. States.
BATH:
Has synonym name NY 18149. Derived from a complex labruscana Fredonia x (Chass. Rose Violet x Mills) cross, the latter pairing more simply named N.Y. 10805, released by NY's Geneva Research Station in 1962. Once widely planted in British Columbia, Canada. Usually ripens in late September; at last report now almost entirely uprooted and replaced by other varieties except where grown for tablegrape and juice production.
American hybrid cultivar developed by Byron Johnson of Cincinnati, Ohio. Derived from a cross between Fort Worth #3 and an unknown V. Rupestris variety. Used to create a deeply red-colored wine with flavor described as reminiscent of blackcurrants. The vine is vigorous and productive in cool-climate regions. NB: Not to be confused with an earlier named V.rotundifolia cultivar, bearing the same name, reported around 1871.
American hybrid cultivar suitable for Wine, Juice or Table use. Variety reportedly developed by the late Byron Johnson of Ohio from a cross between a T. V. Munson hybrid Headlight seedling and an unknown Labruscana variety pollinate. Ripens early to mid-season and is used to produce a neutral white wine. Vine is vigorous and productive, but needs pruning to 5-bud canes for maximum fruitfulness. Not to be confused with a V. Riparia variety known by the subject name, developed before 1900, of which no details are available as yet.
Synonym name is G-388. Introduced 1947 by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station. Listed as derived from an open pollinated seed of Triumph. Black-skinned grape that ripens a week before Moores Earlyto give medium sized berries that hang well without shattering or cracking. No other details as yet.
Is a complex American, Asian and Muscat Hamburg hybrid cultivar grown in China and elsewhere. Developed at the Northern Chinese Viticultural Institute, near Beijing, it is harsh-cold resistant and bears heavy crops mainly used to produce table and wine grapes having a distinctive yet non-"foxy" flavor.
BELL:
Complex American cultivar created by T. V. Munson in 1881. Is a cross of Elvira x Delaware. Reported to have many of the characteristics of the former variety, particularly flavor. Attractive heavy yielding variety, usually ripening in mid-season to give medium to small dull-green berries. Currently recommended as suitable for growing in the south-central States of the U.S.A. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name Seibel 14596. Reported as derived from a Seibel 6468 x Seibel 5455 cross. No other details as yet other than it appears to be a very sparsely grown complex pedigree variety (includes V.berl., Dattier and a Couderc derivative varieties) and is recommended for use as a red wine producer.
Complex V.lincecumii x (Norton x Herbemont) variety created by T.V. Munson who reportedly considered it to be superior to the Black Spanish variety (see below). No other details as yet.
BETA:
Reported as an extremely winter-hardy (to -50 deg. F) american complex V.riparia/labrusca cultivar derived from a Concord x Carver variety crossing dating from the 1800s. Ripens late September in New York state where this high-acid variety had some use as juice and jelly. Also recommended as suitable for growing in Saskatchewan, Canada. Similar to Alpha above. No other details as yet.
New cold climate and disease resistant cross-variety (Hungary patent pending?) available in W. New York, USA and Ontario, Canada; also in Hungary and Austria. Has synonym names Bianka and Egri Csillagok. Clusters are loose, medium in size and mature in early mid-season. Reportedly cold-hardy and tolerant to downy/powdery mildews. Grafting to a phylloxera resistant rootstock is recommended. A genetic profile has proved that it is a V.vinifera Bouvier x Eger 2 cross variety developed in Hungary and suitable for white wine production. Claimed to have Chardonnay-Sauvignon Blanc wine character.
Reported to be a V.lincecumii variety. Has synonym names Big Bunch and Great Cluster. Markedly vigorous in growth it produces large berries. Much used by T.V. Munson in his grape-breeding work. No other details as yet.
V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) female pollinate variety. Vigorous, large fruit ripening uniformly in mid-late season if "girdled" (a.ka.a dry scarred). Black skinned fruit goes to 23% sugar. No other details as yet.
Result of a Concord x Black Prince cross dating from 1866. Has synonym name Underhill 8-12. Reported by Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) to be lacking in vigor, hardiness and productivity. Susceptible to Black Rot disease. Usually ripens with Concord in mid-season. Produces variable size black berries. Self-sterile, this cultivar is not recommended for commercial growing. No other details as yet.
Productive, disease resistant V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) female pollinate variety. Derived from a Fry x Cowart cross. Similar to Fry. Ripens uniformly in early to mid-season to give about 19% sugar content. No other details as yet.
Has several synonym names including Burgundy, Jacquez, Lenoir and Blue French. N.B:The latter name not to be confused with the same synonym for the V.vinifera Blaufrankisch variety. The named cultivar is an oldline 19th century bunchgrape, derived from a cross between an unknown Vinifera and native American V.bourquiniana (V.aestivalis ?) species, recommended for use in the lower Gulf States of the U.S.A. However reports indicate a low sugar and acid balance in mature fruit and it is no longer high on the recommendation list for those areas. Thought by some to have a clonal relationship to Herbemont. Has good resistance to Pierce's Disease, producing large clusters of small red fleshed berries. Does not propagate well from hardwood cuttings and grafting to a suitable rootstock, such as Dogridge or Tampa, is recommended if to be cultivated in deep sandy soils. Although used to produce a blending wine it is not recommended for use as a varietal red wine because of limited color stability and a taste some find unacceptable. Note: Not to be confused with the large, dark black french tablegrape, named Long Black Spanish, that usually ripens in early October and is commonly used to decorate baskets of fruit.
White-wine producer cultivar with Muscat-like flavor released (1987) for use in Florida where it has had medal winning success for vaguely Riesling-like varietal still wine and sparkling wine blends. Developed by John Mortenson of the Leesburg Research Station, University of Florida, it is the result of a cross between FLA D6-148, a Florida-developed hybrid (thought by some to be a V. aestivalis complex derivative) and the Cardinal table grape. Self-fertile, vigorous and productive, ripens early July in Florida. Reported to be cold-hardy to at least 0 deg. F. (approx. -15 C.), it is resistant to Pierce's Disease but seems especially vulnerable to Anthracnose and Black Rot.
Oldline (reported before 1804) American variety regarded as a labrusca/vinifera hybrid of found unknown provenance. Has many synonym names including Bland's Fox, Bland's Madeira, Red Scuppernong andVirginia Muscadell. Many early 19th century authorities considered this sparsely available variety a probable Vinifera hybrid because of its purported resemblance to the european Chasselas. Moderately vigorous, late-ripening variety that produces small light-red to dark-purple skinned fruit with slightly foxy taste. Its precarious hardiness and need for long ripening season excluded consistent results in the cooler climate areas of the USA. Maryland and Virginia appear to be its natural home. Currently it ranks as a little-known minor variety only notable for its historical interest.
Variety reported to be a complex hybrid with Post Oak, Norton, Herbemont and Ten Dollar Prize parentage. It is reported by Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) to be a T.V. Munson hybrid developed in 1899. Very vigorous and prolific. Ripening around the same time as Catawba it produces medium size white-skinned berries with high acidic flavor.
Derived from a Beta cross with an unknown variety. Is high quality blue seeded cultivar developed by Univ. Minnesota that produces small Concord type fruit ripening around 2-3 weeks earlier than that variety. Has good disease resistance and claimed as cold-hardy to -40 deg. F. (ca -42 C.). Recommended as a tablegrape and for juice production in colder Mid-western states of USA. No other details as yet.
Released by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station at Mountain Grove. Introduced in 1947, this black grape has a high percentage of native V. lincecumii x V.rupestris in its ancestry ie. Ellen Scott x America. Vine growth is vigorous, producing compact clusters that ripen about 10 days after Concord. A good keeper recommended for juice or dessert use.
Developed by the University of Florida, this grape has good resistance to Pierce's Disease and better resistance to other fungi diseases than most other Southern State red fleshed bunchgrapes. Grafting is not needed except in soils with pH greater than 7.0. Very productive and ripens evenly. Its berries are very attractive to birds. Juice is used to produce white wine suitable for blending for the same reason as Black Spanishabove.
Has synonym name G-994. Introduced 1947 by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station as derived from a Captain x Terret Monstre cross. Is sibling of the Eleven Point and Gasconade varieties. Ripens as large, yellow-skinned grape on extra large, compact clusters at same time as Concord with good hangtime and storage characteristics. Self fertilizing, the variety needs no winter protection in southern Missouri. Only recommended for use in high temperature zones as a tablegrape. For best results, prune to spurs.
Reported to be a complex V.riperia x V.labrusca x V.aestivalis female pollinate vine resistant to fungus diseases. Appears to have been developed in Connecticut, USA in 1985. No other details other than it is used for cross-pollination purposes and making wine.
Reported to have been developed (around 1860) in Ontario, Canada, this cultivar is a cross between the Clinton and Black St. Peter varieties. It has the synonym name of Arnold 8. Its main current use appears to be that of a tablegrape grown by Parisian home gardeners in France in order to make occasional small batches of varietal red wine. Also popular in England as an ornamental cultivar that produces sweet black dessert fruit. Has medium productivity/vigor, and is susceptible to Powdery Mildew, other fungus diseases plus winter frost damage if unprotected in cold climates.
This Elmer Swenson cross was created in 1983. Its synonym name is ES 7-4-76. A greenish-gold grape, it turns gold when fully ripened and is reported to be a Kay Gray x ES 2-12-13 cross. Growers in Nebraska claim it ripens around late August-early September; cold hardiness listed as no bud damage to -28 deg. F. Trial white dessert wines are reported to possess a pronounced pineapple nose and flavor. Also recommended as a tablegrape.
Has synonym names Trask and Royal Rose. Suitable for wine or tablegrape use it is reported as derived from a Diana Hamburg x Concord cross released by the New York Geneva Research Station in the late 19th century. No other details as yet.
T.V. Munson developed (1883) complex V.labrusca/vinifera/bourquiniana cultivar derived from a Lindley x Delaware cross. Has large clusters of dark-red berries reported as susceptible to Pierce's Disease, Fantail and Tomato Ringspot virus diseases. Reported as cold-hardy to -15 deg. F (-26 C). According to Hedrick, Grapes of New York, 1912, it is moderately productive, ripening unevenly in New York about the same time as Delaware, with clusters that can hang for weeks on the vine. Regarded as not quite the equal of the latter variety for tablegrape use, having a more astringent skin.
Derived from a Brighton x (Winchell x Diamond) cross. Resembles the Niagara variety but is less "foxy" in character. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name NY 12583. Currently recommended as suitable for raisin or tablegrape use. Reported as derived from a (Goff x Iona) x Sultanina variety cross. (No other details as yet).
Has synonym name G-2589. Released in 1947 by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station. Listed as derived from a Müench x Terret Monstre cross. Late season ripening black-skinned grape. Produces large, loose clusters of fruit covered in blue bloom about four weeks after Concord. No other details as yet.
Has synonym names NY 10830 and Early Steuben. Vigorous, productive, early ripening (around 2 weeks before Concord) variety derived from Herbert and Watkins varieties by NY's Geneva Research Station in 1938. Resembles its "Herbert" parent. Once found extensively planted in the Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada and elsewhere. Moderately winter hardy, with good growth vigor, it usually ripens in late September and can produce very sweet, blue slipskin fruit. Produces best when trained to 4-cane Kniffen system. At last report this Concord-type grape has been displaced by other varieties except where used for tablegrape and juice production.
Complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar. Derived from a Thomas x (Scuppernong F.P x Florida (New Smyrna) M.P). (No other details as yet).
CACO:
Winter hardy to -20 deg. F. (ca -29 C.) seeded, sweet red-fruited variety derived from a Concord x Catawba american labruscana variety cross first released around 1947. Heavy producer in most climates, ripening in September. Recommended as good tablegrape for growers in State of Arkansas. (No other details as yet).
One of the early 19th century American labrusca hybrids; created in Ohio from two complex Concord seedling derivatives named Moore's Early and the offspring of a (Belvidere x Muscat Hamburg) cross. Known also by the alias name Island Belle in Washington states Puget Sound region. Ripening around early October, is used as table grape and also to make wine in the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia, (Canada). At last report a few acreages remain in N. America, mainly for juice production.
Variety developed by Charles Arnold of Paris, Ontario, Canada, around 1860. Is a sibling seedling of Brant, derived from a Clinton x Black St. Peter cross. The fruit ripens in mid-season or later, keeping quite well. Is not recommended for growing because of its high susceptibility to fungus diseases, although it is reported to be capable of producing a good red wine with pleasant bouquet.
Created by the Geneva Research Institute of New York in 1961, this cultivar is a cross between Muscat Hamburg and Hubbard. (No further information available at present).
Very hardy sweet red-skinned seedless grape released in 1977 by the N.Y. (Geneva) Research Station. Cold hardy, ripens in late September, and quite similar to the Delaware variety. Recommended mainly for tablegrape or juice production. Has slightly "foxy" flavor.
Complex Munson cultivar. One of the parents of the Bokay, Eleven Point and Gasconade sibling varieties. (No other details as yet).
Hybrid red bunchgrape developed and released in 1902 by the dedicated T.V. Munson as suitable for certain areas in State of Texas. Has poor resistance to Pierce's Disease although derived from similar types of parent grape as Conquistador below. Regarded by many as the most delicious of the sweet tablegrapes grown in humid summer regions of the southern U.S.A. and elsewhere where it ripens about the same time asHimrod.
Table/winegrape variety derived from a cross between the Flame Tokay and Ribier (Noir) varieties. (No other details as yet).
Used to make as a varietal wine by several U.S. wineries, mainly in Arkansas, N. Carolina and Mississippi, this bronze colored complex V.rotundifolia (i.e Muscadine) hybrid cultivar is derived from a Howard x (Topsail x Tarheel) crossing. Has the synonym name North Carolina 57-56. Is a well-recommended, cold hardy, cultivar grown in the Southern States of the U.S.A and generally made into sweet white wines and juice. Intermediate resistance to Bitter Rot, Angular Leaf Spot, and Powdery Mildew. Susceptible to Black Rot and Rust. Not quite as resistant to Pierce's Disease as most other Muscadines. Has vigorous growth and ripening (usually around early to mid-season) reportedly can be controlled with a 90% dry (girdling) scar. Most Muscadines ripen over an extended period of three weeks or more and because Muscadines are harvested without their stems, and "girdling" (a.k.a dry scarring) is usually needed in order to retain the juice in all of the fruit until harvest crush or marketing. Suitable for machine harvesting. The best known related variety is the Scuppernong.
Derived from a Premier (V.lincecumii) x Triumph cross. Reported to be cold-hardy, disease resistant cultivar developed by T.V. Munson that can make a flavorsome wine. Usually ripens after Concord. No other details as yet.
Has several synonym names, including Mammoth Globe, and was obtained from an Isabella hybrid variety selected seedling. It is one of the parents, the other being Black Hamburg, of several hybrid cultivars that include Agawam and Herbert.
(No details as yet other than it is one of the parents of the Beta american labruscana variety).
Has synonym name Seibel 13053. Early, moderately hardy blue French-American hybrid grape unfortunately attractive to birds. Used to produce a light red wine with low body acidity. Because of vulnerability to soil borne virus diseases it is low on the recommendation list for wine grapes although used (10/2002) by at least 2 New York wineries.
Has synonym names Arcott, Arnott and Arrott. Reported to be a V.labrusca/vinifera(?) chance seedling, named after the discoverer, dating from 1852. Has medium vigor and is productive, ripening around the same time as Catawba to give medium-size greenish-white berries that can be enjoyed as tablegrapes.
French-American hybrid cultivar grown in the Finger Lakes region of New York. Recommended as suitable for Wine or Juice use. Ripens early to mid-season. No other details available as yet.
This historically important variety is reportedly a N. Carolina chance seedling, selected prior to 1807, that originated in the Piedmont region of that State and was named after the nearby Catawba river. An American (ie. thought to be a V.labrusca x V.vinifera hybrid) red slipskin grape, it is commonly used to produce sweet white, red and rose' wines distinguished by a so-called "foxy" aroma component in cases where modern winemaking techniques fail to remove/mitigate the agent responsible. A late-season ripener, giving medium size berries having a dull purplish-red skin, it may fail to properly do so unless grown in areas with a long growing season. Has some susceptibility to fungus diseases. An excellent keeper, lasting until March, it is also popular as a Table grape. Commonly grown in the Eastern U.S. and Canada on favorable sites, thriving on sand, gravel or clay soils with good drainage, humus content and bottom heat. New York state wineries produce large amounts of sparkling wine from this variety. Its high acid profile can be modified by blending with other suitable labruscana derived red wines such as Rougeon. Also quite popular when made into an ultra-sweet "ice-wine" from frozen grapes.
A recommended hybrid cross, developed 1947 and released in 1972 by the Geneva (NY) Research Station, between the Schuyler and Seyval Blanc cultivars. Usually ripens around late September and is used to make a fruity white wine of mild intensity somewhat similar to Riesling. Widely grown in the Finger Lakes region of New York State and other hard-frost to -5 deg. F. (ca -20 C.) susceptible regions of North America. Also recommended for Arkansas. Noted for hardiness and bunch rot disease resistance, the grapes should be picked at low sugars to avoid over-ripe, sometimes labrusca-like, flavors. Young shoots reportedly fragile in strong winds.
Has synonym G-2963. Seedless tablegrape variety with unknown parentage released by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station in 1983. Fruit ripens as medium size, loose clusters of orange-red/deep red-skinned berries having delicate V.vinifera flavor. Moderately hardy but susceptible to rot and mildew diseases. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name Joannes Seyve 26205. Bunch rot resistant, mildly winter-hardy to -5 deg. F.(ca -20 C.) french-american hybrid with quite recent (1963) French Rhone origins. Requires a long growing season, often ripening in mid-October. Reportedly vulnerable to Crown-gall disease in Missouri. Used to make very good quality red wines reportedly with spicy aromas, fruity flavors and some herbaceousness if fruit clusters are appropriately thinned. Somewhat low in tannins so can benefit from extended skin contact during fermentation. The addition of other wines seems to create interesting tastes; eg. the addition of about 10% by volume of Carmine wine will produce flavors likened by some to that of an Italian "Chianti". Grown in the cooler regions of Eastern U.S., Canada and Europe. Decreasing acreages also found in Australia. Note that due to stringent European Union rules hybrid varieties can no longer be blended with traditional varieties in western Europe although it remains a popular variety and has limited growth in some regions of France (e.g. W. Loire).
Large, vigorous American hybrid grape with high heat and drought resistance. Commonly grown in Texas and other Gulf States it is one of the few hybrids developed by T.V. Munson that is resistant to Pierce's disease, the main limiting factor to grape growing in the Gulf South. Recent observations have found that it can, however, act as a host to the bacterium. Reported to be a cross between V. Champinii and a Wordenseedling. Since Champanel also has excellent resistance to nematodes, has tolerance of extremely alkaline soil and in spite of the fact that it has only limited resistance to Phylloxera, it is valuable as a rootstock for the black-waxy alkaline soils of Texas. Rootstocks are not usually expected to produce fruit of value, so many grape growers have rejected Champanel for making wine. The grape, however, produces a quite acceptable red wine judged generally superior to such red varieties as Miss(issippi) Blue and Midsouth. The black-skinned berries are reported as low in sugar (15% Brix) and with high acid (1.1 TA) when harvested too early. Ripens about with Concord. The vine's extreme vigor means it does well where other vines may not survive and does not need to be grafted, responding well to cordon or curtain pruning. On certain poorly drained soils showing a high pH the variety can show susceptibility to serious iron chlorosis problems.
A french-american hybrid (Seibel 7053) with origins in the Rhone Valley of France. Hardy, ripens in early to mid-October but has extreme susceptibility to fungal diseases, particularly downy and powdery mildew, in Michigan, Ohio and currently, 1997, is not widely recommended. Was also grown and very popular in France where it was used to produce high quality red and rose' wines. Now being replaced by varieties stipulated by E.U. rules. Also grown in the cooler regions of Eastern U.S. and Canada.
Recommended frost-hardy French-American hybrid cross released in 1990 and descended from the Seyval Blanc and Chardonnay varieties. Planting has been limited in the face of success with Chardonnay in the eastern and mid-west regions of the U.S. Noted for superior cold-resistant properties since its release from W. New York's Geneva Research Station. Requires good locations (low tolerance of poorly drained soils) with long growing season. Ripens later than its vinifera parent, usually early to mid-October. Used to make quite popular white tablewine in Arkansas, Michigan and Missouri. Recently found to be susceptible to crown gall in wet spots and, in Virginia, to damage by grape root borers.
Has synonym name Seibel 10878 and is pronounced "shell-oy". French-american hybrid grape, with Jaeger 70, Aramon, Piquepoul (Blanc), Emily and several others in its genealogy, used to produce very good, robust, fruity red wines claimed to hint of Burgundy and often finished in a dry style. Prone to attack by fungal diseases and vulnerable to bunch rot near harvest in some years. Usually requires cluster thinning and normally ripens in early to mid-October. Recommended mainly for cooler regions of the N. American continent.
Derived from a Massasoit x Beta cross. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name Oklahoma 23 S 52. Reported as derived from a selected V.cinerea canescens x Seneca cross. The V.cinerea variety is considered indigenous to the the banks of the Cimarron River of Oklahoma, USA. No other details as yet.
Has synonym names Plant des Carmes, Plant Pouzin and Worthington. Oldline American native V.riperia/labrusca variety reported as originating from an unknown seed planted in a garden in the area of Waterford-on-the Hudson, N.Y., some time prior to 1835. Found to be immune to phylloxera, it is vigorous, hardy and productive but produces small, sour, large-seeded fruit judged unsuitable for tablegrape use. Ripens late in the season to produce dark purplish-black to black berries that make a low-quality wine. Although very sensitive to lime soils (leading to vine-death after a few years) it nonetheless makes an excellent rootstock in lower pH soils, grafting well to labruscas, vinifera stock and rooting very freely from cuttings. Historically used to make simplistic, inky red varietal wines with strawberry-like aroma and "foxy" flavor. Still found in vineyards of the N.E. USA. and Italy, this variety is still considered to be a good starting point cultivar for breeding grapes suited to growing in cool climates. In the latter country wines from this vine are reported to be known as "Fragolino" style beverages (although current E.U. rules ban the use of non-V.vinifera vines).
Has synonym name Seibel 8357. Ripening in mid-October this productive, slightly cold hardy, French-American hybrid red-fleshed wine grape is often used in small quantities as a teinturier-style grapewine for its deep coloring effect in blends. Creates a low quality, very dark red wine as a varietal. The Vincent grape - (see below) - is very similar (although not as deep in color) somewhat hardier and makes a better wine.
Historically important - (introduced to the Northeast USA around 1850) - very hardy native American V.labrusca cultivar producing the characteristic "foxy" flavored style of red wine associated with vitis labrusca vines. Ripens by mid-late October. Like its popular offspring Niagara, (created by a Concord x Cassady crossing in 1868), it produces small vines and low crops unless grafted onto a good growth rootstock (eg. "3309") and planted in soils of optimum fertility. Mainly grown in the Eastern and Mid-Western U.S. and Canada to produce sweet finished wines, grape-juice and desirable fruit-flavored dessert grapes. Has susceptibility to skin cracking and postharvest shelling; also to Eutypa-dieback disease. A very similar grape called Fredonia is grown in the Erie region of New York state, ripening about two weeks earlier, and acts as an insurance crop against early frosts. Another version, named Sunbelt, has been developed to give more even fruit ripening in the hot conditions of the Southern and Gulf States of the U.S.A.
Is possibly the most successful of the hybrid red bunchgrapes developed for Florida and the lower Gulf States of the U.S.A. in order to have resistance to Pierce's Disease etc. Is a cross between two cultivars, each of which has one Concord parent. It is less vigorous than other red cultivars such as Champanel, Blue Lake or Midsouth. Regarded as far superior to Concord for use in the southern Gulf States despite uneven ripening characteristics that force multiple pickings. Vines are not suitable for machine harvesting. Requires grafting to rootstocks such as Dogridge or Tampa for good growth and yields in sandy or highly (7.0 pH) alkaline soils. Recommended as a seeded tablegrape that has the usual slightly "foxy" taste. When used for wine production it suffers color instability and is only recommended for "Blanc de Noir" style wine.
Pronounced 'kor OH-new ah'. Recently (2006) released wine grape from NYS Agricultural Station at Geneva, NY. Classed as a mid-late season (Oct 15-20) ripening variety resulting from a Seyve Villard 18-307x Steuben cross dating from 1970. Stated to be free of hybrid variety aromas typical of some other hybrid grapes. Recommended for varietal red wine production or blending. No other details as yet.
This V.labrusca cultivar is reported by Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) as a seedling derived from a Concord x Unknown I.D. hybrid cross introduced in 1869 by R.W. Bull, or is possibly a Concord variety clone. Vigorous and hardy it ripens some one to two weeks before its main parent to give average size dull-black berries that are far less foxy in taste. Requires good soil, the variety lacking somewhat in adaptability. Recommended as a disease resistant cultivar for the State of Arkansas.
Has synonym name Couderc 7120. French-American hybrid, still widely grown in France, derived from the V.lincecumii and V.rupestris seedling Jaeger 70 and an unknown V.vinifera variety. Normally produces a dark red, berry flavored varietal juice. Currently used to produce rosé wines suitable for blending purposes that have some ageing ability.
V.Labrusca variety reported by Hedrick "Grapes of New York, 1912" as a chance seedling discovered by N. V. Covert of Ann Arbor, Michigan. Has large, sweet, greenish-white berries that ripen with Concord. No other details as yet.
V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) bronze self-fertile variety. Has synonym name Georgia 12-2-2. Derived from a Higgins x Georgia 28 cross. Very productive, high (17%) sugar, cultivar reportedly with excellent flavor from large fruit clusters. Restricted to the southern regions of the USA it usually ripens in early season and is mainly used as a tablegrape.
V.labrusca variety of uncertain origin that has synonym names that include Bloom, Catawissa and Laura Beverly. Vigorous, marginally hardy in New York, it is markedly self-sterile. If planted in good soil and well trained it will produce large, succulant fruit of the Isabella type. If allowed to run riot it proves unproductive and sets loose, straggling bunches. According to Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) it ripens early producing dull black berries with a heavy bloom that do not keep well. Believed to be a V.labrusca/vinifera hybrid developed some time prior to 1857 in Pennsylvania, USA and was recommended as an tartly sweet early variety suitable for home gardeners.
Local lore suggests this oldline red wine producing grapevine was a "chance find" wild growth in the State of Arkansas. Ampelographic characteristics are so similar that most experts considered it identical, or closely clonally related, to the Norton grapevine claimed to have originated from the State of Virginia - (see below). DNA analysis carried out in the Geneva Research Station, New York, has shown the two cultivars to be identical members of the V.aestivalis vine group. There is controversy about which cultivar has best resistance to Pierce's Disease. Successful and prized in Arkansas and Missouri where it reportedly ripens in late September and keeps well. It has proven somewhat less adaptable in more southerly States, low productivity small berry clusters having been reported along the Gulf Coast. At the height of the mid-19th century phylloxera crisis in France this variety was the vine of choice for vineyard restoration. However its poor calcium tolerance defeated all efforts at replanting, due to the high lime content of most French soils, and it has never regained that popularity. Grafting is not required. Requires soils with good drainage if disease is to be avoided. Wine color is stable, a characteristic that helped promote its 1873 acclamation in Europe as "best red wine of all nations". Popularly known in the USA as the "Cabernet of the Ozarks".
Winegrape cultivar recommended as suitable for growing in Saskatchewan, Canada. (No other details as yet).
Bronze, female-pollinate V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Claimed to be the best of the bronze Scuppernongs, consistently large size throughout the vines with high (24%) fruit sugars. "Girdling (a.k.a dry scarring) is recommended. No other details as yet.
Has synonym names Muscat de St. Vallier Blanc, Muscat Santa Valliere. Technical name is Seyve Villard 20-473. Derived from a Pense x Seyve Villard 12-129 cross. French/American hybrid grape suitable for wine or tablegrape use. Ripens mid-late October in most areas. According to the list where the information appeared this grape has the alias name of Waltham Cross where grown in certain "New World" regions such as Calgary, Canada (where it is grown under glass); apparently a confused synonym misnaming from the Old World V.vinifera Dattier de Beyrouth.
Is a Southern bunch grape bred in Florida. In areas with hot nights it ripens with a pink blush. If cold nights, the berries are red. The cultivar is resistant to Pierce's disease, but in many areas it seems to be a shy bearer. Grafting not required. Recommended for dooryard planting as a tablegrape.
V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Result of a Luola x Burgaw cross. Reported to have small, sweet fruit suitable for wine, tablegrape or jelly and recommended for growth in the Deep South and Gulf States of the U.S.A. No other details as yet.
Has technical name Seibel 9549. Productive, hardy to -15 deg. F (ca -26 C.), mid-October ripening french-american hybrid variety that is not currently recommended because of susceptibility to soilborne viruses and poor, (1997), market demand conditions for some hybrid grapes. It gives a fruity, balanced red wine of only fair quality usually possessed of low to mild tannic content. Having low popularity as a varietal it is commonly used as a tannin diluting blending component in tannin-rich bulk wines. Planted mainly in the cooler regions of the Northeast U.S. and Canada where it once had the name Cameo, changed in 1972 because of certain proprietary and other objections.
A native American hybrid grape variety found in Delaware, Ohio and first publicised in 1849. According to Hedrick, "Grapes of New York" (1908) no definite supporting evidence about the origin of this variety was known, although it had an alias name Italian Grape and is claimed to be a possible hybrid Native American cultivar with a slight V.vinifera component mix. Currently used to make dry, sweet and sparkling white wines of good quality and barely perceptible "foxy" character. Commonly grown in the Eastern U.S. on deep, fertile, well-drained soils where it ripens in early to mid-October, it has considerable popularity when made into "ice-wine". Has some susceptibility to fruit and foliage fungus diseases and requires grafting to a phylloxera-resistant rootstock for best growth. For Arkansas the main recommendation is to cold-press grapes that were grown on grafted rootstocks and finish as a 1.5 - 2.0% residual sugar, or as a true dessert, wine. Also described as an excellent (seedbearing) Tablegrape. A selected seedling of this variety namedJewel with synonym names Burr 1 and Burr's Early, was very popular in the first years of the 20th century, ripening a little earlier than its better known sibling. NB: this seedling should not to be confused with the recent (1999) Juwel V.vinifera cultivar release with the same "Jewel" synonym name.
This variety is a productive, disease resistant, complex (7-species) T.V Munson bred hybrid (R.W. Munson x Delicious cultivar. Ripens early to mid-season. Suitable for planting in Kansas and Oklahoma, USA, or anywhere that the Concord variety can be successfully planted. It is used to produce what some consider to be an overly vinous, fruity product, with no detectable "foxy" flavor, invariably needing softening with neutral (eg. Bailey) blending wine.
Complex V.lincecumii/bourquiniana variety derived by Munson in 1887 from a Big Berry x Herbemont cross. Vigorous and productive it ripens a little after Concord to give medium sized black berries. No other details at present.
V. bourquiniana variety, suitable as wine/tablegrape, grown in U.S.A and Brazil. According to the Geilweilerhof database (above) has several synonym names including Black July and Buenos Ayres. (No other details as yet).
Also known as Moore's Diamond. American native vine and vinifera hybrid grape created (1885) in Brighton, N.Y. by Jacob Moore by crossing the Iona vinifera-labrusca hybrid with Concord. Ripening in early to mid-October, it resembles the latter parent and has been widely grown in western New York state and used for creating sparkling blends and dry varietal wines. Susceptible to fruit-cracking under wet conditions. It is also popular as a tablegrape.
Is an old-line nineteenth century American labruscana variety named after Diana Crehore, the originator, first exhibited in 1843. Once commonly grown in the Finger Lakes region of New York, it was one of the primary parents, along with Muscat Hamburg, whose offspring (Diana Hamburg) was then crossed with the Concord, itself a labrusca-vinifera hybrid, to create the historically interesting secondary hybrid Brighton, one of the later importantly successful american hybrids derived from a vinifera and labrusca variety.
Derived from a Diana x Muscat Hamburg cross. For more information see description of Brighton or Diana above.
V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) complex variety derived from a Topsail x (Lucida x Wallace) cross. Has synonym name N.C. 88-102. Useful as a wine or tablegrape, this self-fertile variety is recommended as suitable for growing in the Gulf or southeastern States of the U.S.A.
Bronze V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety derived from a Fry x Georgia S.29-49 cross. Has the synonym name Georgia 5-7-5. This self-fertile variety, similar to Fry, usually ripens in early to mid-season and is recommended for use as a tablegrape with excellent flavor where grown in the Gulf or Deep South states of the U.S.A.
Red self-fertile V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety derived from a Georgia S.44-6 x Georgia S.44-7 cross. Regarded as vigorous, good quality and high-yielding cultivar whose fruit is mainly used as tablegrapes. Usually ripens in mid-season where grown in the deep southern regions of the USA.
Has synonym name Dogridge. Female V.champini variety (ie. natural hybrid reported to be result of a complex V.rupestris x V.candicans cross with possible V.berlandieri involvement) propagated for use as rootstock capable of resisting Pierce's Disease in Florida and the lower Gulf States of the U.S.A. Recent evaluation notes that it can, however, act as a host to the bacterium. Recommended by U. Florida for use as rootstock for Black Spanish, Conquistador, Orlando (Seedless) and Stover varieties in those areas particularly if soil pH exceeds 7.0; although it has only moderate tolerance for lime-rich soils and phylloxera infestation.
V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety derived from a Higgins x Dixie cross. This bronze self-fertile variety, usually ripening in mid-season, is suitable for juice or sweet wine production because it can attain high brix (17%) sugar content. As usual with this species the fruit ripens variably over a season and dry-scarring is recommended. Successfully grown in the Gulf and Southeastern States of the U.S.A.
Has synonym name Early Amber. Reported as an American labrusca variety originated from unknown parentage seed around 1855 by Asa Clement of Massachusetts. Vigorous, hardy variety, ripening somewhat earlier than Concord, to give a pale red-dark amber skinned berry claimed to be of little use except as a mediocre, foxy tablegrape or breeding grape. Rapid berry shriveling makes it a poor candidate for keeping. No other details as yet.
Variety reported as derived from a (Ten Dollar Prize x Concord) , Lincecumii, Labrusca crossing by T.V. Munson developed in 1885. Classed as an American Hybrid and described as ripening just after Concordto give medium/large, variably compact clusters of large, dark reddish-purple skinned berries that are overly acidic unless thoroughly ripe. Recommended for growing in Oklahoma. No other details as yet.
Variety derived from a Chasselas Rose Violet x Seneca cross. No other details as yet other than it is thought by some to be a cultivar created by the Vineland Research Institute of Ontario, Canada.
Female pollinate variety derived from a (V.simpsonii x Marguerite) x (U.K American hybrid x Seyve Villard 12-375) complex crossing. No other details as yet. Not to be confused with the American hybridDunstan 2 cultivar.
American hybrid grape derived from a Concord seedling pollinated by mixed pollens of Delaware, and the long-forgotten Vinifera, Labruscana, Bourquiniana cross Walter variety. These grapes were developed by the prolific hybridizer A.J Caywood in 1868 at the Hudson River (NY) vineyard now occupied (1998) by the Benmarl Vineyard. Used to make fruity, quite sweet white wines with little perceptible "foxy" character. Mainly found in the N. American cool-climate regions of Ontario, Canada and Finger Lakes of N.Y. State where it typically ripens during early to mid-October.
Reported as derived from a Hartford O.P developed in Pennsylvania. Cold hardy variety matures early, giving small/medium, compact clusters of foxy-flavored dull black-skinned berries having poor quality. No other details as yet.
Created by Elmer Swenson, this cultivar is derived from an Ontario x (Beta x Witt) cross. Very winter-hardy, reportedly to -30 deg. F (approx -34 C). Claimed to have excellent disease resistance and adaptability with a flavor that intensifies with hangtime. Produces amber colored fruit suitable for creating popular sweet wine, juice or as a tablegrape. Usually ripens around a month to five weeks before Concord.
EDEN:
Disappointing vitis hybrid variety, synonym name N.Y 11737, for New York State. Derived from an Ontario x (Triumph x Mills) crossing. Reported as having medium-poor vigor, low productivity and lacking in sufficient hardiness. This cultivar seems more suited to the mid-South and Deep South States of the U.S.A. (No other details as yet).
Has alternate name Seyve-Villard 12-375 O.P and so appears to be a selection related to Villard Blanc. (No other details as yet other than this cross variety is grown in Hungary, and elsewhere, and is one of the parents of the Bianca and Landot Noir cultivars).
Patented and released in 1985 by the Geneva Research Station (NY). Early ripening, shy-bearing cool-climate hybrid red tablegrape cultivar with unique strawberrylike flavor. Derived from a Fredonia and Cannercross. Claimed as resistant to Botrytis and very hardy. Also recommended as useful for raisin production.
Female pollinate derived from a Captain x Terret Monstre cross. Sibling of Gasconade and Bokay. Developed and released by Southwest Missouri State Univ. in 1947. Resembles its seed parent Captain in cluster shape but superior in quality and larger, being cylindrical in shape and over a foot long. Vigorous in growth with heavy berry production. Flesh is tender, sweet and separates readily from the seeds. Recommended as suitable as a tablegrape or for creating a somewhat bland and non-foxy red wine.
Possibly developed by the Viticultural Station at Odessa, Ukraine. No other details except reported as a likely V.vinifera x french hybrid tablegrape.
American hybrid variety developed by T. V. Munson. Derived from a Armlong x Malaga cross. Lavendar colored grape with few soluble color pigments. Hardy and productive, ripening in early mid-season, this cultivar is capable of producing a flavorsome white wine. Suitable for growing in climates/soils that are known to support the Concord vine. Recommended by some as suitable for growing in Kansas and other south-central U.S. States.
Variety developed by T.V Munson from a cross reported as Elvira x (complex V. candicans, V. riparia, V. labrusca) variety. The cultivar is vigorous and hardy, self-fertilizing with subsequent open clusters of medium-sized berries that are somewhat sweet with slight V. candicans flavor. Generally ripens in late season and recommended as suitable for winemaking.
Reportedly discovered in Missouri in 1870, this old-line complex american labrusca/riparia/vinifera (reported seedling of a Taylor x Martha crossing) variety is now considered to produce a mediocre and strongly "fox" flavored white wine. Vulnerable to fruit cracking because of thin skin, the grape typically has high acidity. Ripening at same time as Concord, it is resistant to Mildew and its general hardiness recommends it for difficult growing areas. Currently used by at least two wineries in the Finger Lakes region of New York. Production in the Lake Erie region of New York state was recently (2002) reviewed and recommended as cost suitable as a wine blending agent. A new variety, named Ventura, that upgraded the older cultivar in its resistance to fruit cracking was released in the 1970's by the Ontario Horticultural Research Institute of Canada.
Seedless hybrid table grape that is one of the parents, along with the Athens variety, of the Marquis cool-climate wine/table grape.
Labrusca-vinifera hybrid variety, created by Peter Raab of Philadelphia in the 19th century. Historically interesting as one of the main varieties that allowed the eventual breeding of Chelois and other disease, pest and lime resistant french-american hybrids and rootstocks.
EONA:
Cultivar developed 1925 by N.E. Hansen in S. Dakota. Derived from a cross of Lady Washington (a complex Concord descendant) and the Beta variety. Has white/pink berry skin, growing in small, loose clusters. It is productive female pollinate, claimed as winter-hardy to -35 deg. F (about -38 C.), with a taste described as "mildly foxy". Main use is as a tablegrape.
Patented American x Vinifera cultivar developed by Elmer Swenson as suitable for wine or table use in short season, cold regions such as southwestern Wisconsin. A seedling derived from Villard Blanc it is claimed to possess some resemblance as a white wine to that produced from the Chardonnay variety. Ripens early to mid-season (ie. usually around mid-September).
American chance seedling thought to be derived from labrusca, vinifera and aestivalis parentage dating from around 1847. Above average in vigor, hardiness and productivity. Somewhat difficult to propagate. Moderate susceptibility to mildew diseases. Flowers tend to sterility. Ripens around mid-season to give medium size glossy black skinned berries that keep well. Reported to make a good quality red wine. Recommended for Tablegrape use. Ripens late mid-season. No other details available other than it is of unproven ID, possibly a seedling of Isabella.
Variety reported as a T. V. Munson complex American (V.lincecumii) cross created from Big Berry x Triumph cultivars. (No other details as yet).
Black, female pollinate, V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Reported to be a vigorous, high-yielding (fruit to 18% sugar content) cultivar that needs the usual dry-scarring and ripens early where grown in the deep south of the USA.
Tentatively identified as a Black Spanish x Herbemont cross in the Geilweilerhof database (see site above), although some claim it is a selected seedling of a clone variety (ie. Lenoir) developed by John Neiderauer in the first part of the 20th century. Is reported to be resistant to Phylloxera, tolerates Pierces Disease and retains high acid levels despite high temperatures. Currently grown in S. Carolina where it is used to create a white wine. In Texas the variety is commonly used in the creation of tawny Ports.
Derived from a Post Oak x Triumph cross. Bears large clusters of very juicy dark red fruit. No other details as yet.
Tablegrape variety developed by Vineland Research Station, Ontario, Canada and released in 1976. Has synonym name Vineland 53033. Derived from a cross between the Alden and Verdelet cultivars. Very vigorous and productive with moderate cold-hardiness. Susceptible to the Mildew fungus diseases, it ripens in late September (about a week before Concord).
Seedless table grape, also suitable for wine-making, widely grown in Australia. Also found in the cooler regions of N. America where it ripens by late September. Similar to the Himrod grape listed below.
Complex bronze, self-fertile V.rotundifolia (i.e. Muscadine) cultivar derived from a Triumph x Florida AD 3-42 variety cross. Claimed to be very vigorous and have good resistance to Pierce's Disease and other diseases. Usually ripens in early-mid season with good fruit (18%) sugars. Is recommended as a tablegrape variety suitable for growing in the Southern States of the U.S.A).
Hybrid variety with Gamay Noir heritage. Has synonym name Burdin 7705 and is reportedly a french cultivar released in 1959. The vine lacks vigor, has early budbreak, ripens early with medium compact berry clusters. It has susceptibility to Botrytis. In the USA it apparently was only recently planted on an experimental basis by one grower in S.E. Pennsylvania and by the N.Y. Horticultural Station at Geneva NY.
V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Reported as one of the best of the Muscadine cultivars for its superior fruit. No other details as yet.
FOCH:
(see Marechal Foch below).
Variety reported to be a Niagara sport selected seedling. No other details as yet.
Very winter hardy native American labruscana hybrid red wine grape similar to and regarded as a close relative of the Concord grape. Although less flavorsome, it ripens some two weeks before its kin. Needs careful pruning for vigor and production to approach that of its kin. Developed in early 20th century. One of the parents of the Bath and Van Buren hybrid grape varieties and useful as an excellent table grape. (See above).
Vigorous, extremely winter-hardy to -30 deg. F (ca -35 C.), heavy producing and disease resistant V. Riperia 89 x Landot 4511 (Noir) french/american hybrid variety released by the U. Minnesota Research Institute for upper midwest USA conditions in 1995. Pruning to 40-50 buds recommended. Susceptible to Powdery Mildew disease, but near-immunity to Downy Mildew, in excessively humid conditions. Ripens in late mid-season with good sugar content. Important to let fruit hang until fully mature (24-26 brix) in order to reduce troublesome high acids to reasonable levels. Note that the pH does not usually rise to unmanageable levels. Deficient soil potassium content reported to increase acid production while leaf/cluster thinning lowers acid. Used to produce a high quality, full-bodied red wine with cherry/plum aromas and moderate-to-low tannins that usually needs malolactic fermentation to reduce its cool climate acidity. Cold stabilisation seems to have little positive advantage. Blends well with low acid red wines such as Leon Millot. Reportedly contains little trace of the wild V. Riperia herbaceousness. Wine requires malolactic fermentation in order to reduce high acidity. Tannin levels usually relatively low. Recommended for North-Central regions of USA.
Recently developed cultivar by the Horticultural Research Center, Excelsior, Minnesota, USA. Ripens in mid-season with no detectable labrusca flavors. Is reported to be a light-red or grey skinned sport of theFrontenac variety with identical characteristics and capable of creating a sweet white or rosé (ie. blush) wine. May still (2006) not be officially released pending patent approval. No other details as yet.
FRY:
Complex bronze V.rotundifolia (i.e Muscadine) cultivar derived from a Georgia 19-43 x USDA 19-11 cross. According to the Geilweilerhof (Genres) international database it has the synonym name Early Fry. Recommended as a (female pollinate) tablegrape variety suitable for use in the Southern States of the U.S.A where it usually ripens with high (21%) fruit sugars over the whole season. Claimed to have good resistance to Pierce's Disease.
Red, self-fertile V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety, derived from a Farrer x Redgate cross, needing planting near another self-fertile variety for best results. Reported as vigorous, usually ripening at the same time as Redgate with high (20%) fruit sugars, but with erratic yield.
Reported as a French/American V.hybrid. (No other details as yet).
Has synonym name Cadillon Dore. Reported to be a a white-skinned grape cultivar. No other details as yet.
Has synonym names Aramon Ganzin and Aramon Rupestris. Reported as derived from an Aramon x Unknown V.rupestris cross. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name Seyve Villard 18-283. Complex variety derived from a Chancellor x (Le) Subereux cross. Has early budbreak and so in danger of frost damage. Listed as usually ripening in late mid-season. Dislikes drought conditions. Susceptible to the mildew diseases and will need several treatments. Productive, it is capable of producing a fairly light-colored wine. Once very popular in the Midi region of southern France. This red wine creating grape needs Mediterranean-style heat to perform its best and is most suited to the Southwest U.S and Texas.
Has synonym name G-1013. Medium size, black-skinned grape on large, compact clusters introduced in 1947 by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Farm. Derived from a Captain x Terret Monstre cross. Is sibling of the Bokay, Eleven Point varieties. Usually ripens two weeks after Concord. Recommended for red wine, juice and tablegrape use. No other details as yet.
Complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar. (No other details as yet).
Derived from an Ontario x Russian Seedless cross. Vigorous, winter hardy to about -15 deg. F (-26 C). Variety reported as suitable for growing in Maine, USA. Reported to be subject to bouts of "millerandage", ie. mixed berry size on the cluster during ripening, where planted in Oregon. Considered to be an extremely high-quality, seedless, large blue-black skinned table grape similar to the yellow-fleshed Himrod. Generally ripens during mid-late October giving berries that, when frozen, have a taste flavor reminiscent of blueberries.
Has over 20 synonym names listed in the Geilweilerhof Database (above). Vitis riparia vine used as a rootstock. No other details as yet.
GOFF:
Has synonym name NY 797. Developed from an unknown V.labrusca/vinifera/aestavalis seedling. Released about 1901 for use as a tablegrape. Vigorous, hardy and very productive in New York. Ripens a little later than Concord, producing dark reddish-purple skinned fruit that keep extremely well, often until mid-April.
V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Derived from a Fry x Georgia 19-6 cross. No other details as yet.
Hardy, productive vine derived from a (Moore's) Diamond and Muscat Hamburg variety cross. Suitable for white wine production. Tendency to have high acid content in cool climate regions if not fully ripened by mid-late October, but can make intense semi-sweet aromatic wines in good years.
Bronze V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) self-fertile variety. Derived from a Fry x Carlos cross. Very heavy productivity, good (16%) fruit sugar content, usually ripening in mid-late season.
Female variety almost exclusively used as a moderately productive rootstock for grapevines grown in the Gulf States of the southern U.S.A. Is the result of a Couderc 1613 x Dogridge variety cross. Normally resistant to Pierce's Disease but has shown that it can act as host to the bacterium. (No other details as yet).
Variety once extensively grown in New York, deriving from a chance seedling found (around 1849) in West Hartford, Connecticut. Reported at that time to have Isabella as one parent, the other parent being an unknown variety. Vine is vigorous, prolific and the fruit reportedly ripens one-two weeks before Concord. Fruit quality is low, too foxily unpleasant to eat. Does not ship, pack or keep well. Prior to 1890 the subject variety had the synonym name Hartford Prolific.
Reported to be a variety derived from a Moyer seed x Brilliant pollen cross breeding by T.V. Munson about 1895, and is listed by Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) as a complex V.labrusca, V.vinifera, V.bourquiniana specimen vine. Disease resistant and productive, it was claimed to be almost the equal of the Delaware variety. in flavor, ripening before the latter cultivar in New York, producing medium to small dark-red/purplish-black fruit.
According to the Geilweilerhof database (see above) has several synonym names including Warren. Thought to be a hybrid cultivar derived from a vinifera and aestivalis vine (ie. "Borquiniana" species) chance crossing. Named after Nicholas Herbemont who had developed this grape in S. Carolina around 1790, although it had been grown in Georgia before the Revolutionary War under the above synonym name. Is resistant to fungal diseases encountered in hot, humid summer regions such as the Gulf States of the U.S.A. Also reported as resistant to Pierce's Disease. Seldom ripens properly in cool climate regions, (has poor cold-hardiness) requiring a long season to do so. Reportedly needs well-drained soil containing high humus content for best results. Markedly vigorous in growth the vine is self-fertile, ripening very late in the season to give reddish-black to brown skinned berries once popular as a tablegrape. Capable of being an attractive ornamental plant in the southern tier of States of the USA and Mediterranean rim of Europe although difficult to propagate from cuttings or grafts. Was commonly used to create white or rosé wines, rated mediocre by some, similar to those of the (possible) clonal relative Black Spanish cultivar above.
Derived from a Carter x Black Hamburg cross. Vigorous, productive and moderately winter hardy cultivar suitable for cool climates such as the Finger Lakes region of N.Y. State. Is one of the parents of the Buffalogrape found on decreasing acreages in British Columbia, Canada and elsewhere.
According to Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912), this variety originated about 1860 from a seedling of Norton. Sparsely grown, it is apparently presently confined to a few acreages in Missouri. Said to be vigorous, productive, hardy and very resistant to phylloxera. Ripens very late in the season to give small, black-skinned berries susceptible to cracking and rot. Can be used as a tablegrape that some say lacks quality or claim to make a wine of indifferent quality that oxidizes rapidly.
No other details other than this variety, developed in Germany, is derived from a Seibel 7053 x Riesling cross and has the synonym names Geisenheim GM 322-58 and Hybernal. Currently under test for use as a white wine grape in Ontario, Canada and in Central Europe.
Complex pink to reddish bronze V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) female pollinate cultivar derived from a Yuga x Unknown white male pollinator cross. Has synonym name Georgia 3. Grown in the Southern Gulf States of the U.S.A where it usually ripens in mid-late season with good (16%) fruit sugars. Reported to be vigorous with a thick, edible skin. Has good resistance to Pierce's Disease and is recommended for tablegrape use.
Seedless grape released in 1952 and fairly widely grown in Western New York. Very winter hardy, usually ripening by early September. Derived from a cross between Ontario and Sultanina. Recommended as a deliciously flavored tablegrape and raisin producer. Is also used for white wine production.
According to the USDA database, this T.V Munson developed (1905) variety was derived from a complex Cynthiana (lincecumii, aestivalis, labrusca) cross with the relatively obscure V.lincecumii Post Oak 2variety. Some reports claim it makes a slightly superior red wine to the Norton variety. Does not flourish in lime-contaminated soils. The pedigree indicates a degree of possible resistance to Pierce's Disease. (No other details as yet).
Productive, vigorous patented white-wine hybrid grape variety derived from a Seyval Blanc x Schuyler cross. Recently released, (1996), from the Geneva Research Station of W. New York. Has synonym nameGeneva White 7. Usually ripens during early to mid-October with bunch rot problems in some years. Claimed to produce pleasant apple peel flavors in its wine, although some taste experts have noted labrusca and hybrid aromas in some samples. Also recommended for juice production.
Reported to be a complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar derived from a Scuppernong x V. rotundifolia cross. (No other details as yet).
Winegrape cultivar recommended for growing in Saskatchewan, Canada. May be synonym for the Okanagan Riesling variety. (No other details as yet).
HUNT:
Black V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) female pollinate variety derived from a Flowers x White Male#1 cross. Recommended for growing in the southern states of the US for use as wine, jelly, jam, coldpressed juice or tablegrape. Usually ripens early with good (17%) fruit sugars.
American labruscana cultivar developed by T. V. Munson and recommended by some as suitable for planting in Kansas, Texas and other south-central States of the U.S.A. (No other details as yet).
Derived from the same parents as Himrod, this hybrid seedless variety is mainly recommended for use as a strongly flavored table or raisin grape. Usually buds late May and ripens by late August. Capable of producing a white wine, having some ageing potential, suitable for blending. Currently grown in some quantity in the Pacific northern coastal regions of N. America and elsewhere. Vigorous with good quality grapes in warmer regions. In cooler areas it is hard frost sensitive. Also may show poor sets with unevenly sized berries. Berry splitting can also be a problem, so much so that some recommend the Reliance, Mars orVanessa varieties as better tablegrape substitutes.
IONA:
Native American hybrid variety (ie. Diana O.P) released for use as a wine/table grape in New York State in 1864 by Dr C. W. Grant. Currently not recommended because of its somewhat weak, unproductive characteristics, requiring care in cultivation in that it needs deep, dry, sandy or gravelly soils, doing particularly well when trained against walls or buildings. Marginally cold hardy and very susceptible to mildew diseases. Reported as ripening later than Concord. Historically interesting as one of the parents, the other being Concord, of the Diamond variety. Flavor is considered to be the finest of all labrusca grapes and the mild "foxy" flavor allows use as a varietal white wine and in sparkling wine blends. Also is an excellent table grape with long bunch storage capacity. NB: An american database has the Naples variety listed as having the alias name White Iona. No other details as yet.
Moderately cold-resistant American labruscana grape grown on limited acreages in New York state for use as a tablegrape and in varietal and sparkling wine blends. A selected "bud sport" cultivar is currently grown in California under the name Pierce (has synonym name Royal Isabella). Still grown in cooler regions of Italy and Australia, where it is named Fragola. A selection with the name Albany Surprise is now grown in New Zealand. Also found in eastern Europe under a variety of alias names, (such as Seksarda in Croatia, former province of Yugoslavia and as Izabella in Hungary and Georgia CIS). This historically significant variety has over fifty synonym names (see Geilweilerhof database in the Foreword section above) as a result of its post-phylloxera popularity in the late 19th century. Thought to be derived from a native Vitis Labrusca grape of N. America and an unknown european vinifera probably created by random pollination as a result of the 18th century attempts to establish European vines in the U.S. Reputedly discovered in Dorchester, N. Carolina around 1816 it was promoted by William R. Prince, an influential nursery owner established in Flushing, N.Y, and named after a famous "southern belle", the wife of Col. George Gibbs. Currently being selectively removed and replaced by varieties that lack the "grapey/foxy" taste and flavor of this grape although it still has its admirers. Modern winemaking techniques have succeeded in eradicating the agent responsible, resulting in a popular, strawberry/boysenbery-like flavored wine where those techniques are practiced. It is still grown in quantity in Brazil and other fungus prone regions of South America. An example of random hybridization involving only N. American vine species that resulted in a successful wine is the Norton grape. (See below).
ISON:
Black, self-fertile V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety patented by William Ison of Griffin, Georgia, USA. Very productive, normally ripens uniformly in early to mid-season, if dry-scarred, with good fruit (19%) sugars. Claimed as best black pollinator and is currently (1998) grown by a family winery in N. Carolina for use in creating a red, dry, varietal wine.
IVAN:
(No information on this grape yet other than it is an Oregon State chance seedling suitable for wine or juice. Ripens in late August-early September. Currently listed as an American labruscana derivative).
Early 19th century American labrusca grape discovery used to produce red wines strongly "foxy" in flavor. Highly vulnerable to Ozone gas pollution which causes diminished vigor and productivity. Should be planted in deep, well-drained soils or grafted on a vigorous rootstock such as "3309". One of the most deeply colored "tooth-stainers". Still widely grown in Brazil and other hot, humid, fungus prone regions of South America. Also found in Australia where it has the synonym name Kittredge.
American variety derived from an early 19th century cross, created by Hermann Jaeger of Neosho, Missouri, between the native Vitis Lincecumii and Rupestris species. Played an important role in the development of hybrids because, as a female pollinate, it could be used to produce cross-pollinated seeds between American species and Vinifera, resulting eventually in the disease and pest resistant french-american and rootstock varieties of modern times.
Bronze, self-fertile V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Very productive, normally ripening in mid-late season when dry-scarred. Reported to be disease resistant. (No other details as yet).
Reported as thought to be a V.labrusca/riperia variety allegedly derived from a Hartford x Clinton cross in Wisconsin around 1860. Vigorous and productive with excellent cold-hardiness. Fully ripens a little earlier than Concord, although it colors much earlier, to give medium-small size dull-black berries that can produce an indifferent red wine. No other details as yet.
Bronze female pollinate V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Reported to be of excellent quality, very productive and quite cold hardy. Is claimed to be the latest ripening cultivar of the species, with high (21%) fruit sugar content. Requires wet scar. Recommended as suitable for growth in US deep south
Early variety with moderate vigor growth and yield used for creating red-wines. Reported by some to be a Kuhlmann hybrid closely related to Marechal Foch. Others point to ampelographic differences and regard it as an "Unknown ID" variety.
Blue-skinned, seeded V.riparia variety recommended as tablegrape. No other details as yet.
Complex V.rotundifolia (i.e. Muscadine) female pollinate cultivar. Reported as derived from a Higgins x GA 19-11 cross. Recommended for use in the Southern States of the U.S.A as a tablegrape. Not to be confused with a similarly named V.labrusca variety that is reported to be a Concord O.P derived cultivar with the synonym name Big Concord.
Cultivar reported by independent breeder as derived from a Concord x Muskat (?) cross. No other details as yet.
Elmer Swenson patented American labruscana, released in early 1980's, suitable for table, juice or white wine use. Claimed to be hardy to -40 deg. F. (ca -42 C.). Very vigorous, heavy bearer. Disease resistant, with some susceptibility to Black Rot. Ripens early in season with small clusters making it a poor tablegrape choice. Some use it to make a labrusca-style white wine that has the reputation of easy oxidation, so it is not high on commercial growers recommendation list. Currently grown on limited acreages in South Dakota. (No other details available as yet).
Sometimes referred to as Kah Wah Din. Reported to be a Osbu x Baco Noir cross listed as an American hybrid developed by the late Byron Johnson of Ohio. Variety is recommended as suitable for winemaking. Claimed as hardy to -35 deg. F. (ca -38 C.) and usually ripens in late August where planted in Oregon. (No other details available as yet).
Reported to be an early ripening variety created at the Geneva Institute of New York from a Chasselas Rose x Mills crossing. Has some ampelographic resemblance to the Delaware variety. Ripening around a week before Catawba it is moderately winter hardy with a V.vinifera flavor. (No other details as yet).
Very winter-hardy (-37 deg. F) labrusca cultivar. Extraordinarily vigorous vine that establishes early and heavily bears fruit at a young age. Ripens around mid-late September. Has unfortunate susceptibility to Downy Mildew. Flavorful as a sweet table grape and makes excellent red juice suitable for wine. No other details as yet.
(No details other than this variety is recommended to Minnesota growers as a hardy tablegrape).
Has synonym name MN 1166. Is result of a St. Pepin x Swenson 6-8-25 (ie. latter variety is unknown V.riparia x Muscat Hamburg) 1988 patented cross selected in 1992. Described as making a germanic character wine reminiscent of Vignoles or Riesling that has received very favorable reviews in a sweet version, or blend with neutral wine(s). Winter hardy with trunks surviving temperatures of -36 deg. F. (approx -38 C). Ripens for harvest around late September in Minnesota with sugar levels that can reach 22-27 brix and high acid. Has low to moderate disease resistance requiring standard spray program. Berry splitting or Botrytis have not been observed even under wet conditions.
Has synonym name Elmer Swenson 294. Patented cold hardy (to -25 deg. F) American hybrid suitable for white wine or juice use. Derived from a (MN 78 x Seibel 1000) x Seyval Blanc cross. Ripens mid-late season with sugar content as high as 19-21 brix. Successful varietal white wines have been made in dry and semi-dry styles. Claimed to have superior harsh cold temperature resistance over its Seyval parent. Currently grown in Wisconsin, S. Dakota and elsewhere in the Upper Midwest U.S.
Reported to have the synonym name Seyve Villard 12-327. Derived from a Seibel 6468 x Seibel 6905 cross. Vine is fertile but irregular. Needs cool climate temperature conditions for best results. Sensitive to Mildew diseases, particularly Powdery Mildew in wettest years. Wine reported to be very similar to that of Seibel 6905.
(No other details other than this cultivar, recommended for disease resistance in the State of Arkansas, is the result of a Seibel 14665 x Seyve Villard 20-365 hybrid cross that ripens around mid-September and has the synonym name of Illinois 182-1).
Developed for resistance to Pierces Disease it is now mostly used as a rootstock in Florida. Was the first hybrid cultivar released by the University of Florida at Leesburg. Productive and vigorous in Florida it will test to 19.5 deg. Brix sugar content but has proved disappointing in recent Louisiana trials. Requires rapid cooling at harvest.
Hardy, early to mid-October ripening grape developed by Geneva Research Station in Western New York. Suitable for making sweet, white dessert wines similar to, but milder than, Himrod, (see above), having been derived from the same parent cross. Also recommended as a tablegrape.
(aka Habitant Blanc). Technically known as cultivar V53261 created by the Ontario Horticultural Institute in Ontario, Canada. Moderately winter hardy white wine producing grape ripening around late September. Vee-trellis support is recommended for this moderately vigorous cultivar successfully grown in Nova Scotia, Canada.
White-wine producing variety grown on small 1 acre plot in Finger Lakes region of W. New York. New name for French hybrid Seyve Villard 23-512. Used to make a dry wine.
Has synonym name Landot 244. Reported as derived from a Seibel 5455 x Seibel 8216 cross. (No other details as yet).
Has synonym name Landot 4511. Cold-hardy French-american hybrid variety with complex French/American hybrid cultivars (ie. Landot 244 x Eger 2) as parents. Very vigorous variety with good cold hardiness to about -20 deg. F (ca. -28 C). Reported to have late bud break and early maturity in U.S. Zone 4 with some susceptibilty to Downy Mildew . Mainly used for making fruity red wine of mild intensity that ages well and has had international medal recognition. Claimed by some to possess moderate resistance to Pierce's Disease and is successfully grown in several middle-latitude states of the U.S.A.
Is the result of a Armlong x Jefferson cross developed by T.V. Munson. Reported as prolific producer female cultivar ripening around mid-late September in Tennessee. Requires pollination. No other details as yet.
Presumably a complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar. (No other details as yet).
(Pronounced "lay-on mee-oh"). Earlier (September) ripening french-american hybrid red wine grape than, although derived from same cross, Marechal Foch below. Also known as Millot. Extensively grown in the Alsace region of France where it is known as "le medicin du vin" (or "wine doctor") for its ability to increase the color intensity of a red wine (eg. Pinot Noir) without perceptibly altering the quality. Also extensively planted in the Northeast and Midwest USA. Some consider the wine to be superior to Foch because of more distinct berry aromas. Best harvested at pH 3.4 and 19+ Brix in warmer climates if Carotene-caused discoloration is to be avoided. Market demand thought to be hampered by lack of name recognition.
Is a hybrid bunchgrape once considered suitable for use in Florida and the Gulf States. Usually ripens during mid-October for use as a tablegrape. However, it has shown problems with Pierce's Disease and uneven ripening of fruit on the bunch and is no longer on the recommended list for Florida.
Result of a Carter x Chasselas Blanc (ie. White Chasselas) cross. Has synonym name Rogers 9. Regarded as the best of the red-skinned grapes originated by Rogers although defective in being self-sterile and possessing a lack of adaptation to many soils. Released about 1862 the variety was named in honor of John Lindley, an english botanist. Vigorous and moderately hardy for a vinifera hybrid but susceptible to mildew diseases. Ripens in mid-season to give large-medium dark brick-red skinned berries that keep and ship well. Its main modern use appears to be as a parent in cross-breeding and a favorite of some home gardeners. No other details as yet.
Derived from the complex V.champini, V.labrusca, V.bourquiniana cultivar Salado x Pense cross. Reported as vigorous, winter-hardy T.V. Munson developed (1902) variety. Very resistant to Rot or Mildew diseases. Reported as cold-hardy to at least -15 deg. F (-22 C). Grows well in limey soils and hot climate to give round, medium-large black-skinned berries. No other details as yet.
(No other details other than this cultivar is a Big Berry x Triumph hybrid cross and recommended as disease resistant in the State of Arkansas).
(No other details as yet other than recommended as a disease resistant tablegrape suitable for planting in Arkansas).
Has synonym name ES 4-8-33. Developed by Elmer Swenson in 1980 and released around 1994 this harsh-cold (to -40 deg. F.) tolerant variety is a cross between ES 2-3-17 and Kay Gray. Recent reports indicate some sensitivity to drought conditions, indicating a need for irrigation in dry years. Disease resistant, other than susceptibility to easily controlled anthracnose, the fruit ripens around mid-season with a long hangtime, rarely exceeding 20 brix sugar content. Acidity is moderate. Can be used to create a light-bodied white wine described as without negative hybrid characteristics and possessing a delicate and floral aroma. Current custom is to blend it with Prairie Star wine.
V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. No other details as yet.
Kuhlmann french-american hybrid suitable for producing red wine. Very vigorous cultivar ripening early to mid-season. Wine is described as well-balanced and mild, with a taste reminiscent of Gamay profile. (No other details available at present).
Synonym name of Lucille. Vitis hybrid vine derived from a Wyoming x Unknown cross. Similar to Caco, ripening at the same time. Vigorous producer of medium-size red berries that are juicy but thin-skinned, susceptible to cracking. Recommended as a tablegrape. No other details as yet.
Presumably a complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar. (No other details as yet except a recommendation for tablegrape use.)
Reported as derived from a Moore's Early x V.champini unreported variety 1893 cross by T.V. Munson. Is a hardy female pollinate, so needs growing near suitable pollinator (eg. Ives (Noir)). Highly disease resistant cultivar compatible with the alkaline black-waxy soils of Texas, USA. Ripens early and evenly. Ships better than Concord. Recommended for use as a tablegrape or rootstock. No other details as yet.
According to the Geilweilerhof database (above) this cultivar is classified as a North American V. Labrusca derived from the Dracut Amber O.P. variety, although Hedrick ("Grapes of New York, 1912) lists it as a chance seedling found in Tennesee around 1885. Once fairly commonly grown in the Northeast region of the USA; though regarded by some as having little merit because of its poor keeping ability, developing such strong foxiness of flavor and aroma after a few days as to be scarcely edible. It can currently (1999) be found in certain U.S. North Central states where it is claimed to make a better showing. Generally ripens about a week earlier than Concord. Produces berries with light-dark red skins. No other information as yet.
Very early ripening seeded variety with large berries in small, open clusters. Reported to be very similar to Fredonia. (No other details as yet other than recommended for the Pacific N.W. region of the USA).
Vitis hybrid reported to be a bud sport of Fredonia released in 1961. Similar to the latter relative except that it bears very large clusters, triple in size. Blue/black berries are reported to be subject to severe shattering, often low in sugar and flesh is pulpy in Oregon. Needing good fertility it ripens in mid-season. Not recommended for large-scale commercial use.
Is a complex bronze, self-fertile V.rotundifolia (i.e Muscadine) cultivar derived from a (Thomas x Scuppernong) x (Topsail x Tarheel) cross. Has synonym name North Carolina 60-60. Usually ripening in mid-season with 15% fruit sugar content, is recommended as a wine (or tablegrape) cultivar. Used to make sweet white wines with floral flavors in the South-East and Gulf States of the U.S.A. Has some disease problems, particularly with fruit-rot, but has good resistance to Pierce's Disease.
Complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) self-pollinating cultivar derived from a Thomas x Burgaw cross. Claimed as resistant to Pierce's Disease, it is currently recommended for growing in the Southern and Gulf States of the U.S.A for use as a tablegrape crop.
(pronounced "mar-esh-shall-fosh"). Has synonym name Kuhlmann 188-2. Short season french-american hybrid small-cluster grape with hard-cold tolerance to -20 deg. F. (ca -29 C). Having good resistance to the usual diseases, it normally ripens in early September. Grows well in sandy soils, but may need grafting for use in heavier soil types. Prof. Kuhlmann, the hybridizer, reported using an American riparia-rupestris hybrid variety as one of the parents but, confusingly, others argue that he instead somewhat misleadingly used the Oberlin 595 S.P, a Gamay based french-american hybrid developed by his father-in-law, in the cross withGoldriesling that created the offspring cultivar. Noted for producing somewhat light, yet deeply colored and strongly varietal, wines described as having a "Burgundian" character. Usually needs the help of carbonic maceration or hot-pressing to enhance quality. Birds find the small berries very attractive. Also known under the name Foch. (See above).
Reported to be a Post Oak 2 x Herbemont cross suitable for winemaking. Claimed to have high resistance to Pierce's Disease in Texas - ten years infection free. Reported to be shy bearer on short arms, bears heavily on long arms - 8ft spacing between vines is recommended. No other details as yet.
Has the synonym name MN 1211. One of only two seedlings selected in 1994 and had patent application in 2005. Introduced in 2006, this cultivar was developed (1989) by the U. of Minnesota Horticultural Center from a MN 1094 complex hybrid x Ravat 262 cross. Hard frost resistance to -36 deg. F (approx. -35 C) without serious injury. Claimed to have very good resistance to Black Rot and the Mildew diseases aided by its open, orderly growth formation requiring minimal spray protection. Ripens in mid-season, a few days before Frontenac. One report claims a possible susceptibility to pre-veraison berry splitting in certain unspecified conditions. Ripens with high sugar (26.1 Brix) and moderate acidity (1.19%). Recommended for making a ruby-red wine of complex nature, pronounced tannins and desirable fruit/spice notes on the nose and palate. Appears to have promise for growing in the Upper Midwest/North East USA and N.E. Canada plus parts of northern and eastern Europe.
(Pronounced "mar-kee"). Newly released (1996) variety by W. New York's Geneva Research Station from a cross between the Athens and Emerald (Seedless) grapes. Large cluster, winter hardy (to -20 deg.F?), seedless, delicate green-yellow skinned berry suitable for tablegrape or white wine production. Slipskin berry has mild "foxy" flavor and moderate disease resistance. Does well in heavier soils. Ripens in mid-September as a mildly fruity berry, developing a rich Labrusca flavor if left to ripen on the vine. Promising results have been reported for Arkansas, Indiana, Michigan and New York.
MARS:
Largest of the seedless blue berries in medium clusters. Hardy, early variety with moderately vigorous productivity. Recommended as good tablegrape for Oregon. Some describe labrusca flavor profile as similar to the Concord. Normally ripens in the mid-to-late September timeframe.
Seedling of Concord introduced around 1868. Self-fertile, it ripens around a week earlier than its parent to give a medium size berry that has a light-green, with a touch of yellow, skin. Less foxy than its parent it was often mistaken for the Niagara variety although it reportedly does not keep or ship well. Due to the popularity of competing varieties it was gradually displaced and now sparcely grown, if at all.
Has synonym name Rogers 3. Reported to be derived from a Carter x Black Hamburg cross, released about 1867. Vigorous and very hardy in all but the coldest winters, it bears a striking resemblance to Isabella, although the berries remind one of Catawba. Ripens a little later than Delaware. The fruit has the peculiarity of being at its best before full maturity, at full ripeness having a degree of "foxiness" some find undesirable. Has susceptibility to mildew and rot. Berries are large to medium in size, dark brownish-red in skin color.
Productive, cold-hardy, bunch rot resistant, white wine grape developed by Geneva Research Station of N.Y. that does not require cluster-thinning. Released in 1985, the grape claims Pinot Blanc as one of its parents and its off-dry wine versions tend to have the same fruitiness as the parent grapewine product. Currently, (1997), overshadowed by the success of Cayuga (White) and consequent poor market demand.
Has synonym name Rogers 19. Tablegrape variety derived from a Carter x Black Hamburg cross. Released about 1860 it appears to have been commonly grown in the Finger Lakes region of New York State during the late 19th cent. Vigorous, moderately productive/hardy, ripening a little later than Concord. Berries are large-medium in size, with black skin. Reported to be poor in quality as a wine/tablegrape.
(No other information available at present other than it is a hybrid developed for resistance to Pierce's Disease in Florida and other Gulf States of the U.S.A. and reportedly has similarities to the Blue Lake andConquistador bunchgrapes).
Variety developed about 1870 in Ontario, Canada, reportedly from a Muscat Hamburg seed x Creveling cross. Winter tender and has medium vigor/productivity in New York State. Only succeeds in certain soils, seemingly favoring heavy, rich clay-type soils. Ripens somewhat later than Concord to give large, very dark-red to jet-black skinned berries when fully ripe than can hang until April.
This cultivar is reported as derived from a Galibert 261-12 x (Extra x Marguerite) seedling, the latter two varieties being complex V.lincecumii varieties reported as created by T. V. Munson. Used in the production of white-wine blends for sparkling wines in Florida, it was developed by N.H. Loomis at a USDA experiment station (long since closed) in Mississippi. Released by Mississippi State at the same time as Miss(issippi) Blue and Midsouth. All three are resistant to Pierce's disease.
This variety is reported as derived from a Moore's (Early) x Dogridge cross, the latter variety being V.champini, developed by N. H. Loomis at a (long closed) USDA station in Mississippi and released at the same time as Miss(issippi) Blanc and Midsouth, all three being resistant to Pierce's disease).
Has synonym name Grein 1;Riesling. Derived from a V.riparia seedling Taylor x Unknown V. labrusca cross. According to Hedrick, is an American labruscana variety bred about 1860 by Nicholas Grein of Hermann, Missouri. Once commonly grown in the Finger Lakes region of New York and used to occasionally create botrytis affected sweet white wines with no noticeable labrusca taste.
Cultivar developed by Elmer Swenson for harsh cold resistance. Is one of the parents of Swenson Red and La Crosse. No other details as yet.
Variety developed by U.Minnesota Agricultural Dept. with complex parentage that includes V.riparia, V.vinifera and lesser amounts of several other Vitis species. Is one of the parents of the Marquette variety. No other details as yet.
V. hybrid cultivar derived from a complex (Fredonia x Niagara) x (Fredonia x Athens) parentage cross. Released in 1973, this productive, disease resistant variety resembles Steuben (see below). Normally ripens around two weeks earlier than Concord and can be used to make a fruity, mildly "foxy" wine of good quality.
Vitis hybrid cultivar released in 1969 by Virginia Polytech, Blacksburg, Virginia. Reported as derived from a Fredonia x Athens cross. Vigorous and hardy to ca. -5 deg. F. Ripens 3 weeks before Concordproducing large, dark red berries having a foxy flavor. Recommended for use as juice or table grape. No other details as yet.
Reported as a medium vigor but poorly producing Concord x Unknown variety tablegrape cultivar that ripens around 2-3 weeks before the former variety. (No other details as yet).
Is the result of a T.V. Munson developed Neosho x Herbemont cross. Reported to be prolific and disease free with small-medium size berries having juicy pulp. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name Muench. Native American variety developed by T.V Munson in 1888 from Herbemont and Neosho varieties and known to be one parent of the complex American/Vinifera St. Francis cultivar. Reported as suitable for growing in Missouri. Because of its lack of soluble pigments it is used for producing a varietal "gris" (ie. light pink) wine reported as being interesting, and spicy, somewhat in the manner ofGewürztraminer. No other details as yet.
Reported to be the result of a Big Berry x Triumph cross. Is therefore a complex V.lincecumii x V.rupestris variety. No other details as yet.
Is a native American species of grapevine commonly found in the Southern states of the U.S. and Mexico. Technically classified as "Muscadinia rotundifolia", this genus has 40 chromosomes as opposed to the 38 chromosomes of genus "Vitis". It does not bear its fruit in bunch form but as clusters of single berries (presumably as an evolved strategy against the fungus rots so common in humid regions such as its habitat) that drop from the clusters when ripe. The berries do not keep and must be consumed or used within about a week. Possibly the most familiar variety name of this species is the Scuppernong. In common with certain seedless V.vinifera tablegrapes this species requires "girdling" (a.k.a "dry scarring" or "cincturing") vine trunks (or canes) to increase berry weight and uniformity at harvest. Normal practice involves removing a thin ring about 1/10 to 3/10ths inch (approx. 3-8 mms) wide, with a dedicated tool, of conducting material from around the complete circumference of a vine cane/trunk (ie. so severing the phloem connections through to the cambium and interrupting the flow of nutrients). Legend tells that this technique was discovered by a farmer who tethered his donkey to a vine trunk and observed that the resulting injury to the vine caused beneficial effects for the grower. Girdling at veraison (when berries begin to soften) reportedly hastens maturity but does not usually increase berry size. Often the operation is carried out about a week after post-flowering shatter and should be completed before the berries reach about 6-8 mm in diameter. Girdling before the completion of post-flowering shatter or during bloom is reported to result in a heavier set and subsequent tighter clusters. Double girdling is normally reserved for varieties having vigorous growth and should not be carried out every year unless the vines are exceptionally strong. It is then advisable to reopen the original wound rather than create a new girdle at another location on the trunk.
Has synonym name Couderc 299-35. No details as yet other than it is one of the parents of the Valvin Muscat variety.
Native American V.mustangensis (f.k.a. V.candicans) variety indigenous to an area that includes southern Kansas, most of eastern Oklahoma and Texas, through to western Arkansas and Louisiana. Described as thriving on soil containing up to 60% lime and rooting best by the layering technique, or somewhat poorly from cuttings. Bears large fruit, described as having an "acrid" taste, reportedly used (eg: The Mustang Grape/Wine) to make a sweetened drinkable wine by the addition of much sugar. Not to be confused with a V.munsoniana Muscadine species cultivar having the same name. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name New York 17594. Derived from a Delaware x (Mills x Iona) cross. Vitis Hybrid grapevine that resembles the Delaware variety having similar aroma and good quality. Ripens shortly afterConcord. Vigorous with a tendency to overcrop. Recommended for white wine production. According to the NPGS/GRIN database this vine appears also to have the alias name White Iona.
Listed in "Grapes of New York" by U. Hedrick as a found V.lincecumii variety by H. Jaeger in Missouri. Very vigorous, hardy but with poor productivity it ripens to give small, black berries that can be turned into a light wine with a "peculiar aroma". Has some notability as one of the direct parents of the Muench cultivar).
NERO:
Has synonym name Bornemissza Gergely. Reported to be a seeded table/wine grape created by József Csizmazia of Kekskemet, Hungary. Parent Eger 2 seedling was pollinated by Gardonyi Geza, also a seeded table grape. No other details as yet.
(a.k.a Kuhlmann 296-1). Hybrid variety used to produce a blending wine with reported strong Pinot Noir profile taste. Used almost exclusively as a flavoring grape due to its uneconomical small bunches of tiny berries. (No other details as yet).
Black self-fertile V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar widely grown in the S.E states of the USA. Similar in most respects to the Carlos variety (above), it is reported to be very productive and with good disease resistance. Needs "girdling" (a.k.a dry scarring) to counteract tendency to ripen over a long period during mid-late season. Good fruit sugar (18%) content.
T.V. Munson variety reported to be derived from a Neosho x Herbemont cross. Claimed to have some resistance to Pierce's Disease. No other details as yet.
Currently not popularly named this variety is reported to be derived from a Seyve Villard 18-307 x Steuben cross. Claimed to be vigorous and very productive in U.S. Zone 4, it showed good Powdery Mildew resistance. Used to make a vinous red wine with vinifera bell-peppers aroma.
As yet unnamed variety created from a (NY 33277 x Chancellor) x Steuben cross. Claimed to produce excellent, full-bodied, well-balanced red wine with complete tannin structure and distinct pepper and red fruit aromas. Vines are hardy, moderately vigorous. Downy Mildew may occasionally require control. Suitable for planting in zone 4 cool climate regions.
Currently unnamed variety derived from a Traminette x Ravat 34 cross by the N.Y. Research Station at Geneva. Reported to be capable of producing a good floral muscat-flavored white wine. Vigorous and productive it is sometimes susceptible to leaf phylloxera. Winter hardy to -16 deg. F. In Zone 4 regions it usually matures in mid-season, normally ripening in mid-late September. No other details as yet.
Muscat-type variety, having synonym name NY 12997, suitable for wine or tablegrape production. Derived from a Muscat Hamburg x Ontario cross. Moderately hardy with loose, large-berried clusters that have good Muscat profile and little if any labrusca flavor. Reports from some areas indicate moderate vigor with a tendency to low productivity. Claimed to make a pleasing red or white wine with fairly low acidity. As a tablegrape it is considered to have excellent flavor.
Has synonym name of California L 11-3. Developed by H. Olmo in 1942, this cultivar was released in 1958 and is derived from an (Early) Campbell x Niagara cross. The vine is vigorous and productive and tolerant to Powdery Mildew. Ripens in mid-season, with large berries on the bunch. Occasionally used for making semi-sweet wines, this variety is more generally recommended as use as a tablegrape. Currently grown in many countries. A variation with the name Early Niabell has the synonym name California L 11-2.
Root disease and cold resistant, reportedly to -15 deg. F (approx -22 C), native American labruscana hybrid grape derived from Concord and Cassady American hybrids. Grown from seed in Lockport, NY, it first fruited in 1872. Introduced in the Northeast USA about 1882. Like its parent Concord counterpart this variety requires quite high heat, soil of optimum fertility and grafting to a good growth rootstock (eg. "3309") for best results. Used to create fruity white wines with strong "grapey" flavor, usually sweet finished, but also found in dry versions. Suitable also as a Table grape. Possibly one of the few native American hybrids that will remain popular in the U.S. because of a wide consumer base created after World War II. Plantings are mainly found in the Eastern and Mid-West regions of the U.S. where it ripens about 1 week earlier thanConcord. At its best when blended with a neutral wine.
Has synonym names Niagara Red and P.I. 288688. A sport mutation of the V.vinifera x V.labrusca Niagara variety (see above), this cultivar is one of the most popular table grapes of Brazil.
T.V. Munson variety derived from a Salado x Pense cross. Has synonym name Nitodal. No other details as yet.
NOAH:
19th century (dating from 1869) V.riperia/labrusca white-wine producing grape with somewhat "foxy" flavor. Parents are reported as Hartford (a cross between Isabella and an unnamed labrusca) and the interesting 19th century Taylor variety. Has several synonym names including Belo Otelo, Charvat and Tatar Rizling. Having moderate vigor and only moderate cold-hardiness the variety is also susceptible to Mildew diseases. Has tendency to late-bud. At last report small acreages are still planted on the eastern seaboard of the U.S. (eg. Egg Harbor, N.J), south-central states (eg. Missouri), and in cooler areas of Croatia, Romania and France. Ripening at the same time as Concord the small, light-green, tinged with yellow, berries (which physically resemble the Elvira berry) do not ship or keep well. The vine can also be used as a rootstock.
Complex black, self-fertile, V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar, derived from a Thomas x Tarheel cross. Has synonym name N.C 20-119. Widely grown in the S.E and Gulf states of the USA, usually ripening in early-mid season. Has good (16%) fruit sugars. Successfully used in Arkansas for producing red wine and juice. Also recommended as a tablegrape. Similar to the Carlos variety (above).
Pronounced 'nwahr-ay'. Reported to be a mid-season ripening wine grape useful for creating red wine. Derived from a NY65.0467.08 x Steuben variety cross initiated in 1973 at the NYS Agricultural Station, Geneva, NY. Appears to be a distinct improvement available to cool climate growers such as found in the N.E USA. Wines are notably free of hybrid variety aromas, with deep color and good tannins. Susceptible to powdery mildew disease. Leaves and fruit require a regular spray program against downy mildew. Reported cold hardiness to -14 deg. F. No other details as yet.
Is a bunchgrape hybrid resistant to Pierce's Disease for use in Florida and the lower Gulf States of the U.S.A. However latest reports indicate low resistance to fruit cracking and anthracnose so it is no longer recommended.
Has synonym name G-2861. Variety released from the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station in 1947. Reported as derived from a Agawam x Early Daisy cross. Heavy cropping variety that ripens a week beforeConcord to give large, compact clusters of large, tough, black-skinned berries resistant to moisture cracking that hang well. No other details as yet.
This well-known native N. American V.aestivalis cultivar, with the alias name Virginia Seedling, was thought to be derived by chance pollination involving the American aestivalis native species. A recent report notes that it was subsequently propagated in 1835 by D. N. Norton of Richmond, Virginia. Is mainly found in the warmer regions of the southeast U.S.. DNA analysis carried out in the early 1990's has shown that this cultivar is identical to the Cynthiana variety listed above. Substantial acreages are now grown in the State of Virginia, and Missouri where it has had over a century-long presence, that reportedly ripen in late September. The deeply pigmented, aromatic characteristics of the fully ripe fruit used to create this historically interesting full red wine are said to include coffee and spice-like flavor with little or no "foxy" aroma providing problems with both high pH and high titratable acidity are appropriately addressed. Vines are tolerant of common fungal infestations and easily protected with fungicides. Reported to resist Pierce's Disease for extended periods. Planting in well-draining soils is required if rot is to be avoided. Notoriously difficult to propagate by the cuttings method, the vine is usually reproduced by using the layering method of burying a short length of a shoot until it sprouts and shows root growth from the buried section. At that point the short vine section that has sprouted is severed from the layered original shoots and replanted. It has been reported that the Norton1 clone does pair well with the 1103P rootstock in suitable locations. Foliar Magnesium spray application is recommended in Arkansas. Crops are best enhanced with high training, preferably Geneva Double Curtain. Birds find the small fruit very attractive.
Is reportedly a hybrid created from the cross between a Gamay and American riperia variety. Reported by some to be one of the parents of Marechal Foch. Used to produce a tannic, somewhat rustic red wine with good ageing ability. Quite widely grown in France due to its care-free hardiness.
V. riparia x Gamay Noir variety reported as quite similar to Oberlin 595 above. (No other details as yet).
This "provenance unknown" grape is reported by some to be a cold-hardy native American labrusca hybrid. Alternatively, Canadian viticulturists believe it to be a V. Berlandieri x V. Riparia cross variety (possibly an imported vine cultivar from the group known under the collective name of Uhudler) normally only used as rootstock; i.e Teleki 8 B developed by the Teleki Research Institute, Hungary. Has synonym name ofInkameep Riesling. Usually ripening around mid-September, it is currently found on small acreages in British Columbia, Canada, the N.W. USA and, possibly, in New Zealand. Known to have no relationship to the german Riesling V. vinifera variety (see above). Berries reported to have a Muscat-like flavor, at around 18 deg. Brix sugar content, which can then degenerate into labrusca-style flavors if allowed to ripen much further. Can be used to produce a bland varietal white-wine best used for blending although some report varietal success with a short (up to 36 hour) skin contact during fermentation.
Developed in 1908 at the N.Y. Research Station, it is now used sparingly as a white tablegrape because of its strong American labruscana flavor. It in turn was derived from the Winchell and Moore's Diamondcultivars. Its main claim to fame is being one of the parents, the other being Zinfandel, of the Schuyler hybrid cultivar.
Is a mid-to-late September ripening hybrid bunchgrape with moderate resistance to Pierce's Disease. Propagated for use in Florida and the lower Gulf States of the U.S.A as a tablegrape. According to the U. of Florida it requires grafting on Dogridge variety rootstock for good growth and yields under alkaline (7.0 pH) soil conditions or sandy soil. Normally grafting is not required.
Variety derived from a Optima x Seyval Blanc cross. Has synonym name Geilweilerhof GA-58-30. Has achieved some popularity in the United Kingdom as a white wine producer although currently overshadowed by the somewhat similar Phoenix cultivar. Not to be confused with the V.vinifera Orion Gris variety. (No other details as yet).
OSBU:
Cultivar derived from a Beta x Agawam cross. Hardy variety currently used as a tablegrape. (No other details as yet).
Developed Ontario, Canada in 1859, this cultivar is the result of a cross between the Clinton and Black Hamburg varieties. Historically interesting as one of the cultivars widely planted in Europe as replacement for vinifera varieties devastated by the phylloxera crisis in the mid-19th century. Acreages still exist in France where the produce is used to make a white sweet dessert wine.
Has synonym name G-1925. Developed by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station in 1947. Reported as derived from a Dr. Collier x Sheridan cross. Variety shows similarity to the latter named parent, only ripening earlier, almost with Concord to give large, sweet black-skinned berries that keep well. No other details as yet.
PAM:
Bronze, V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) female pollinate. Reported as heaviest producing female pollinate with largest fruit clusters. "Girdling" (a.k.a dry scarring) is recommended. No other details as yet.
(No other details other than this is a tablegrape cultivar Soraya x IAC 544-41 hybrid cross allegedly developed in Brazil. Has synonym name of IAC 871-41. Not to be confused with a similarly named chance seedling discovered around 1915 in Ontario, Canada that is vigorous, disease-resistant, productive and matures early with a close resemblance to Concord and recommended for planting in Arkansas).
Variety reported as used by T.V. Munson for breeding purposes (eg. see Lomanto). No other details as yet.
Listed as a cultivar developed by David McGregor that exhibits winter hardiness to -20 deg. F. Used to create a white wine with Muscat flavors. No other details as yet.
Reported as derived from a MN 78 x Canadice cross created by Elmer Swenson. Red-skinned seedless variety having small-medium clusters of small berries. Recommended for very cool climates and claimed to be very hard frost resistant (to -25 deg. F. ie. -32 C) this cultivar ripens very early in northern cool climates. Primary use is as a tablegrape but can make sweet, fruity white wine.
German promising release (1994) with synonym name Geilweilerhof GA 49-22. Has direct parentage of Bacchus x Villard Blanc. Good winter hardiness. SO4 or 5C are recommended rootstocks. Mid-early bud break. Vigorous growth, with early-middle veraison. Resistant to phylloxera, chlorosis. Sensitive to the Mildew diseases, a pre-flowering spray being recommended. Early to mid-season fruit maturity. Wines have aroma with somewhat pronounced Muscat tone and have taste similar to Bacchus wine. The wines mature rapidly and should be bottled early for drinking young. Reported as a white-wine creating variety cross being planted in the Niagara region of Ontario, Canada and, recently, in England.
French-American hybrid, technically known as Kuhlmann 191-1, suitable for winemaking. The small berry bunches ripen early. Its highly flavored grapes are mainly used to flavor neutral wines toward the Burgundian profile.
Bronze, self-fertile V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Reported as most productive and vigorous, usually ripening in mid-late season with good (16%) fruit sugar content. Claimed to have taste profile reminiscent of pineapple. Resistant to most of the diseases encountered in the deep south and gulf regions of the USA.
Introduced by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station in 1947. Has the synonym name G-135. Reported as derived from an open pollinated seed of Merrimac. Vigorous and productive the variety yields large, black-skinned berries covered in blue bloom that ripen with Concord. No other details as yet.
This variety is reportedly the french-american hybrid Seibel 5455 and is thought by some to be related to Jacquez and so not suitable for the New York State Finger Lakes (USA) or other hard-freeze liable regions. Still one of the most widely planted hybrids remaining in France because of its reliable productivity. Mainly used in that country to produce a decent table wine.
V.lincecumii derived cultivar. (No other details as yet).
Has synonym names Jean Mace and Raisin Superbe. (No other details other than it is a white-wine producing variety developed in France and derived from a Boskokisi x Madeleine Royale variety cross.
Also known by the synonym name ES 3-24-7. Is a cross between ES 2-7-13 and ES 2-8-1. Developed by Elmer Swenson in 1980 and released around 1994. Harsh-cold (to -40 deg. F. ie. -38 C) tolerant, this variety is quite disease resistant other than a moderate susceptibility to easily controllable Black Rot and Anthracnose. Usually ripens mid-season. Reported as capable of making a neutral varietal wine with strong floral nose in some years. It is currently used to add body and finish to such other white wines as Louise Swenson. The vine is notable as easily trained to the vertical shoot positioning system.
This variety is a Vinifera and American native Labrusca cross developed by T.V Munson dating from the late 19th century and once popular in eastern Canada where it was used in varietal sparkling, and other, wines by the now defunct Brights Winery of Ontario province.
Reported to be a V.labrusca variety derived from a (Hector x Seibel 13035) x (Fredonia x Athens) complex cross. Hardier (frost resistant to -25 F ie. -32 C) than Concord it also ripens (ie. similar to Van Buren) some four weeks earlier, with a reported sugar content of 20-22 Brix. Lacks much of the "musky" flavor common to many labrusca cultivars and is popular as a tablegrape, with quality much the same as Worden. Tolerates Black Rot and Powdery Mildew diseases. Its quality is regarded by some in the northwest USA as among the best of American grapes.
Vigorous seedless tablegrape variety popular in California, USA. Normally ripens in mid-season. Recent (2002) trials suggest that good results in terms of moderating vigor, increased yield and good quality result from grafting 10-23B or 10-17A rootstocks to this cultivar. No other details as yet.
V.champini variety used almost solely as rootstock. Has synonym name Saltcreek. Noted for superior resistance to wet, saline soil conditions and Pierces Disease (although recent observation has noted it can act as host to the bacterium). (No other details as yet).
French-American hybrid with the technical name of Ravat 6 and parentage of Chardonnay and Seibel 5474. According to Phillip Wagner, late dean of eastern U.S. winemakers, this variety can produce high-quality white wines reminiscent of its famous V.vinifera parent. Requires grafting to a suitable rootstock and needs careful spraying regime for protection from fungus diseases.
Has synonym name Ravat 51. Variety widely grown in the cooler regions of the northeast American continent, including Canada, and middle band of states of the USA. This cold-hardy (-20 deg. F), late budding, french-american hybrid small-cluster grape ripens in late September. Prone to bunchrot in humid regions. Requires grafting to good vigor rootstock for fruit-bud development. Due to high acid content, is recommended for making white dry, late-harvest and ice-wines. Reported to have Pinot de Corton and Subereux french-american hybrids as direct parents. Currently very popular as a high quality dessert wine because of its restrained fruitiness, high acid and good balance.
French-american hybrid grape related to Pinot Noir. Some stock, usually ripening around mid-September, is planted in the Eastern states of the U.S. in order to make a currently light, candy-flavored red wine. Sometimes misnamed Ravat 34, a much lighter skinned grape.
Has synonym name Seibel 4986. Reported to be the result of a Seibel 405 x Seibel 2007 cross. Created early in the search for suitable french-american hybrid grapes and is one of the parents of the Vidal Blanccultivar. Produces fruit with high sugar content suitable for making crisp, well-balanced, semi-sweet or sparkling white-wine blends. This variety is still grown in the Loire region of France. It is successful in the state of Missouri where it is used to produce a good quality wine with a distinctively Loire-valley taste profile. Takes Botrytis (ie. Noble Rot) infection extremely well and the bunches hang until Thanksgiving in that State allowing production of an exceptionally successful sweet wine.
Complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety derived from a Higgins x Georgia Seedling 29-49 cross. No other details as yet.
Is a vigorous and productive red Muscadine variety. Regarded by many as similar to the Noble hybrid cultivar. Sugar content tends to be fairly low, about 15 deg. Brix. The grape is juice rich and color stability is good. The wine is reported to have less varietal character than other red Muscadines with the advantage that it appeals to consumers who tend to reject the standard varietal wine.
(Pronounced "ray-ghent"). Has synonym name of Geilweilerhof 67-198-3. Has complex parentage of Diana Hamburg x Chambourcin cultivars. Bred for disease resistance, a recent (1998) vintage in the Pfaltz, Germany, required no spraying during the season and produced a good red wine. Growers in Michigan, USA, report winter hardiness is better than Riesling with frost resistance of at least -16 deg. F. (ca -27 C.) with no protection. Wine reported to have good color, moderate tannins and a fruit aroma/taste profile reminiscent of Rhone, France red wines.
Very productive and winter hardy (-25 deg. F) cultivar recommended as seedless tablegrape suitable for state of Oregon (USA). Small-medium size pink/red berries on large clusters that can be cold-stored for up to three months. Reportedly has fruity, diluted, muscat flavor profile. Usually ripens mid-to-late season. No other details as yet.
V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety with synonym name North Carolina 59-32. Derived from a Lucida x (Topsail x Tarheel) cross. Recommended for planting in the Deep South and Gulf states of the U.S. as a wine or tablegrape.
Has synonym name NY 15291. Reported as derived from a Ontario x Thompson Seedless cross and mainly used as a tablegrape. No other details as yet.
ROSA:
Pinkish-red fruit, female pollinate V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Reported to be very vigorous, very sweet with 18% fruit sugar. Wet scar for consistent ripening, usually in mid-late season. Recommended as best of the red Muscadines for home/pick-your-own growth in the deep south/gulf regions of the USA.
Derived from a Unknown V.rupestris x Jaeger 70 cross. Very hardy French/American hybrid, with synonym name Seibel 1000. Cultivar with medium-sized berries that ripen in mid-season. Historically interesting as the first french-american variety import to be introduced into Canada and one of the first, after Geneva (NY) research station propagation (post-1927), to be planted - (1930's by the Urbana Wine Company, later known as Gold Seal of Keuka Lake, and one other 5-acre private plot) - on trial acreages in the Finger Lakes region of New York, where it is still (10/2002) used by at least 3 wineries. Currently recommended for use in New Mexico and elsewhere as basis for acceptable rosé and red wines.
Introduced in 1947 by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station. Reported as derived from an open pollinated seed of Prune de Cazouls. The vine description possibly indicates a V.vinifera x V.labrusca crossing history. The variety is hardy, vigorous and productive, the fruit growing on large, loose clusters, the berries being large, firm, blue-skinned, ripening in late season at the same time as Catawba. No other details as yet.
Has better limited resistance to Pierces Disease than other French/American hybrids. Also known as Seyve Villard 12-309. In dry, long-season regions it is mainly used to produce a well-balanced, somewhat rustic, red wine. Reported to lack fruit quality and productive vigor when planted in the Gulf Coast regions of the U.S.A although noted as having survived for up to seven years in the heavily (Pierce's disease) infected Meridian and Leesburg regions of Mississippi.
(a.k.a Seibel 5898). Red wine grape currently grown in the Finger Lakes region of New York State and recommended for New Mexico as a hardy vine with somewhat erratic production potential in that it sometimes bears biennially. Usually ripens in early October. Susceptible to bunch rot in some locations and requires harvesting at lower soluble solids in most years. Its wine is recommended for blending with wines made from American labruscana grapes, such as Catawba, in order to give good red color/intensity. Useful component in certain Port blends.
Variety derived from a Seibel 5437 x Bailey cross created and released by Oklahoma State University. Reported to be a teinturier (red fleshed) berry bearing cultivar of low vigor that can produce a neutral flavored wine. No other details as yet.
New grapevine released in 2003. Formerly briefly known as "Abundance" and currently (7/2004) has name challenge again. Has synonym name GR 7 (ie. "Geneva Red #7"). Derived from a Buffalo x Baco Noir cross created in 1947. Reported to be very vigorous and productive with good winter hardiness to -17 deg. F. Disease resistance is good against tomato and tobacco ringspot viral infection. Has some bunch rot susceptibility. Claimed to make good, dark-red wine with hybrid "cherry-berry" flavor. Has moderate acidity and superior tannin structure to the Baco Noir or DeChaunac varieties. Recommended for use in cool climates as a light extract blending wine created by using hot pressing, short skin contact or some carbonic maceration. Also used for making Port-type wines.
RUBY:
Reported as a Keuka x Ontario cross developed around the mid-1930's at the Geneva Institute of N.Y. Found to lack vigor and overbears with poor hardiness in New York State. Usually ripens around 1 week before Catawba.
Has synonym name ES 2-1-9. 1978 variety selection by Elmer Swenson currently (2001) popular and extensively grown in Quebec, Canada where it has proved to be cold hardy down to -31 deg. F (-35 C). Claimed to be disease free and much hardier than Marechal Foch or St. Croix. First reports indicate that, if picked early, it can make a high-acid, medium bodied complex red wine with good tannins not unlike Baco Noir although not as distinctly fruity. Varietal wine has been reported to age well and improve after 2 years in the bottle. A 50-50 blend with Frontenac derived wine has been recommended. No other details as yet.
V.champini variety derived from a De Grasset x Brilliant cross. T.V. Munson cultivar (1893) reported as used only for cross-breeding purposes. Reported as cold-hardy to at least -15 deg. F (-22 C). Berry is black-skinned, of medium size, giving quite acid juice until very ripe. No other details as yet.
T.V. Munson American hybrid variety reported as derived from a Salado x Brilliant cross. No other details as yet other than it is claimed to have some resistance to Pierce's Disease.
This red-fleshed grape cultivar is reported to be the popular name of the Seibel 123 hybrid. It is presently listed as grown on small acreages in Brazil, Romania, Spain and the USA. Currently used in the latter country to enhance the color of Californian fortified Port wines. Another grape, Salvador (Blanca) is listed by at least one database as commonly found in Spain. (No other details as yet).
Complex V.labrusca, V.vinifera variety, with red skinned fruit, derived from a Golden Muscat x Teinturier cross. No other details other than it is reported to be a new release from the U. of Georgia Experiment Station.
Is a cross between Zinfandel and Ontario varieties. A heavy producer, it is early to mid-season ripening. Reported to be susceptible to Crown Gall infection. Severe pruning is needed to keep it from overbearing. The juice is sweet with a vinous taste. Unlike most American hybrids it does not have slip skin fruit. Suitable for Table, Juice or Wine production.
Historically notable native american Muscadine bronze grape variant with the usual characteristic "musky/grapey" flavor. Has many synonym names including Hickmans Grape, Bullace etc. Cultivated since 1809, although wine was reportedly made by French immigrants from wild vine fruit as early as the mid-16th century. Mostly confined to the South-East and Gulf states of the U.S. where it can attain 18% fruit sugar content, ripening around mid-season, and is used to produce sweet-finished white wines. Reported to be very resistant to Pierces Disease.
French-American hybrid variety reported to be derived from a (complex V.riperia, V.lincecumii cultivar) Jaeger 70 x Unknown Vinifera cross. No other details as yet.
French-American Hybrid variety. Derived from a Seibel 14 x Ganzin 1 cross. No other details as yet.
Developed in California and released around 1989, this seedless grape cultivar has similar characteristics to Diamond Muscat. No other details as yet.
Reported to be the result of a Lignan Blanc x Ontario cross. Very early ripening, (late August), french-american hybrid white-wine grape, also suitable as a seeded tablegrape, recommended for use in New Mexico and other cool-climate areas. Moderately winter hardy and is susceptible to Powdery Mildew. Widely planted in the North-East regions of the USA.
Pinkish-bronze colored fruit on self-fertile V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Derived from a Higgins x Carlos cross. Reported as vigorous, productive needing "girdling" (a.k.a dry scarring). Usually ripens in mid-season with good (16%) fruit sugars. Claimed to produce a good light red wine.
No other details other than it is a white-wine producing variety developed at Geisenheim, Germany and derived from a Saperavi Severnyi x (Foster x Prachttraube) complex cultivar cross. Currently under test for use as a white wine grape in Europe.
(a.k.a Seyval). Has technical name Seyve Villard 5-276. The pedigree parents are listed as Seibel 5656 x Seibel 4986. Is a french-american hybrid grape that can be used to make high quality white wines of various styles. Crisp, fruity dry versions have sometimes been likened to French "Chablis" in aroma and taste. Wine intensity tends to be perceived as "thin", consequently either malolactic or barrel fermentation followed by oak ageing is recommended to enhance quality. Grown extensively in the colder northern temperate zones of N. America and Europe, grafting to disease-resistant rootstock (eg. "5BB") is recommended for most sites. Ripening usually occurs around mid-late September. Fruit has high vulnerability to Botrytis bunchrot. This variety also one of the parents of Chardonel, a hybrid-grape cross sharing Chardonnay as the other parent.
American labruscana variety that produces big, compact clusters of large Concord-type berries that normally ripen in late September. Vigorous and productive, often requiring heavy pruning. Very hardy to -15 deg. F. (ca -26 C.), disease resistant and suited for most growing sites. Derived from a Herbert x Worden variety crossing.
Has synonym name GM 6495-3. White-wine producing variety. Created in 1964 at the Viticulture Research Institute, Geisenheim, Germany as a moderately winter hardy cultivar derived from parents that include the Saperavi Severny x (Foster x Prachttraube) complex cultivar crosses. Currently under test in Europe for use as a white-wine producer grape. Wine is reported to be neutral in taste, having good body. Reportedly has extremely vigorous growth, with correct nutrition, where planted in Nova Scotia, Canada where it is known as the Jost (Geisenheim). A slightly less hardy, yet similar, set of varieties are found in theGeisenheim series listed above.
European Baltic States cold climate variety currently undergoing trial by Geneva Research Station, NY. Also referred to as Skujinsh 675 by some sources. Has synonym name Moskovskiy Ustoichiviy. Derived from a complex (Perle von Csaba x Amurskiy) x Alpha cross. Successfully grown in Latvia, Belarus and regions near Moscow, Russia, without winter protection. Small amber colored berries are early ripening, with complex muscat/pineapple flavor. Good sugar levels (23%) and moderate acidity (6-7 g/l) reported from east european sources. Vines have fair mildew and other disease resistance. It has successfuly passed its N. American quarantine period and can be obtained commercially. (No other details as yet).
Reported as derived from a Bacchus x Villard Blanc cross. Cold-hardy, late budding cultivar needing a good site for successful growth. Currently used for creating Riesling type wines in Ontario, Canada. No other details as yet.
Selected by Elmer Swenson, this vine is winter-hardy to about -30 deg. F. Produces small, seedless orange-red berries with good flavor. Recommended as a juice or table grape for northern cool climates. No other details as yet.
V.rotundifolia variety (ie. Muscadine) derived from a Summit x FLA P9-15 cross. Currently recommended for growing in Florida, USA as a tablegrape. No other details as yet.
Black, self-fertile V.rotundifolia (i.e Muscadine) variety derived from a Thomas x Topsail O.P crossing. Has synonym name Meridian 13. Claimed to have good resistance to Pierce's Disease. Vigorous cultivar recommended for use as a tablegrape suitable for growing in the Gulf States of the U.S.A. Usually ripens in mid-season with good (17%) fruit sugar content.
Variety developed in Canada and released prior to 1978. Has synonym names Coronation and Summerland 361. Derived from a Lady Patricia x Himrod cross and popular as a Concord-like tablegrape. (No other details as yet).
(No information on this grape at present other than it is currently grown in British Columbia, Canada).
Patented cold hardy American hybrid suitable for Wine, Juice and Table production. Reported by growers to be hardy to -30 deg. F. (ca -32 C.), lower if snow/mulch covered. Disease resistant and ripens early. Cluster thinning often needed on this vigorous vine whose berries can ripen to 18-22 brix sugar content with good fruit and low tannins suitable for red wine creation. Plantings can be found in Wisconsin, S. Dakota and elsewhere in the U.S Midwest.
Has synonym name G-2496. Introduced in 1947 from the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station, this complex American/Vinifera variety was derived from a Muench x Gros Guillaume cross. Described as having large compact clusters of very large black-skinned berries that ripen two weeks after Concord. No other details other than it is currently used as a tablegrape.
Patented Elmer Swenson propagated variety claimed as cold hardy to -20 deg. F. (ca -29 C.). Is close American hybrid sibling to La Crosse variety. Suitable for making fruity white wine claimed to haveRiesling/Muscat character, or as a good tablegrape. Normally ripens in mid-season with about 20 brix sugar content and 1% total acidity. Needs pruning to high bud count for adequate fruit production. It must be planted near other grape varieties, eg. Swenson (Red) or its sibling (above), or other varieties that flower in the same period because it is a female pollinate and so requires cross-pollination. The consensus ratio of pollinator/pollinatee is about 1 male to 8 female vines. Some trials are currently underway in S. Dakota and other moderately cold-winter States.
Late ripening (Oct) harsh-cold hardy red wine grape variety grown in mid-Ohio that is thought by some to be a Dr. Hansen release from the Missouri State Grape Research Station at Mountain Grove. If the assumption is correct it is a V. vinifera x complex T. V. Munson american hybrid. A private letter (quoted in the book "The Grapegrower", L. Rombough, 2002, pp. 190) suggests it is a possible Chambourcin (orVidal) x Pinot Noir chance seedling distinguished by having no diglusides like the majority of other french hybrids, only the monoglusides that characterise vinifera, and reported to be a well-adapted "provenance unknown" vine discovered in Missouri during the mid-1970's. Claimed by the Ohio growers to have some ampelographic similarities to the DeChaunac variety. Used in Ohio to produce wine with mild tannins and elevated acid content best enhanced with french oak flavors. Finished wine is regarded by some as vaguely similar to a young Italian "Chianti" beverage.
According to the Geilweilerhof database (see "Foreword" above) this complex V.labrusca/vinifera/aestivalis variety was derived from a Catawba seed x (Norton or Hermann) cross and released about 1892. Usually ripens after Catawba to give medium-small black skinned berries that keep well. Vigorous, productive and hardy it is currently (2002) recommended for growing as a tablegrape in the south and southwest states of the USA (eg. Arkansas).
Muscadine cultivar widely grown in S.E United States. Similar to the Carlos grape above.
Hardy, vigorous American native labrusca variety derived from a Wayne x Sheridan labrusca cross. This blue-black skinned grape is sometimes used to make mild, grapey, blush or white wine. Usually ripens around late September. Also commonly used as juice and tablegrape provider. Found mostly in the Eastern and Mid-West regions of the U.S.. Easily adaptable to most growing sites, cluster thinning is usually necessary.
Is a hybrid bunchgrape derived from a complex V.Shuttleworthii O.P (Aestivalis?) Mantey x Seyve Villard 12-309 cultivar cross. Is resistant to Pierce's Disease and designed for use in Florida and the lower Gulf States of the U.S.A. Requires grafting on Dogridge or Tampa rootstock in alkaline soils for good yields and growth. Mainly used in single varietal or blended sparkling wines.
No other details as yet other than it is listed as an unknown V.labrusca x V.vinifera cross created in the United Kingdom.
Has synonym name Seibel 6905. (No other details as yet).
Pronounced "sool-ter". Small-berried grape cultivar recommended as suitable for growing in Minnesota (USA) and Saskatchewan, Canada. Reported as a female pollinate derived from a (complex V.riparia/labrusca?) x Concord cross. Listed as extremely cold-hardy sister seedling of the Beta cultivar. Regarded by some as suitable for juice or jellies, but not highly recommended as a tablegrape due to a strong V.riparia flavor. (No other details as yet).
Derived from a Fredonia x Kishmish Chernyi cross. No other details as yet.
Black fruited, female-pollinate V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Has synonym name Georgia S.5-5-5. Derived from a Fry x Georgia S.29-49 cross. Reported to be unsuitable for the US Gulf coast region (no details as yet), this vine is claimed to be very vigorous, with large fruit clusters that usually ripen in early season. "Girdle" (a.k.a dry scar) for consistency. Fruit has up to 23% sugar content.
Red-skinned V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) female pollinate variety. Has synonym name Georgia 37-40. Derived from a Fry x Triumph cross. Reported as very productive with high (20%) fruit sugar content. Largely restricted to the southern states of the USA it usually ripens in mid-season and is mainly used as a tablegrape.
Patented, very hardy seeded grape similar to Concord and better suited to Southern U.S.A. climate where ripening evenly can be a problem. Excellent disease resistance. Claimed to produce juice of intense color and flavor.
Variety derived from a Campbells Early x Muscat Hamburg cross. (No other details as yet).
Black V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) female pollinate variety reported as derived from a Lebanese No.9 x Gar- Supreme cross. Very large, very heavy producer. Regarded by some as the best of the Scuppernongs. Is listed as suitable for planting in the Gulf and south-eastern regions of the U.S.A where it usually ripens in mid-late season with high (23%) fruit sugars. "Girdling" (a.k.a dry scarring) is recommended.
Is designed to be resistant to Pierce's Disease for use in Florida and the lower Gulf States of the U.S.A. Mainly used in sparkling wine blends.
Bronze, female-pollinate V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Derived from a Georgia 11-2-2 x Georgia 12-12-1 cross. Reported to to be vigorous and disease resistant, usually ripening in early mid-season with high (23%) fruit sugars.
Red-blue skinned American hybrid variety derived from a Minn 78 x Seibel 11803 cross. Mainly suitable as tablegrape. Claimed by some as capable of making a good rosé wine. Berry has strong strawberry-like flavor. Susceptible to Downy Mildew. Ripens early and claimed to be hardy to -30 deg. F. (ca -35 C.). (No other details available as yet).
Has synonym name ES 6-1-43. Very vigorous variety developed in 1980 and released around 1994 by Elmer Swenson at the Univ. of Minnesota from an Edelweiss x E.S. 442 seedling that ripens around early October with about 20 brix sugar content. Has large thick-skin berries of moderate acidity. Claimed to be very frost (to -30 deg. F. ie. -35 C) and disease resistant, with a hardiness exceeding that of the St. Pepinvariety (above), and reported as closely resembling the latter cultivar in wine quality. Recommended as a candidate for the production of Late Harvest and "Eiswein" (ie. white Icewine) in Minnesota.
Commonly used as rootstock for the Conquistador, Orlando (Seedless), Black Spanish and Stover bunchgrapes in order to promote good growth and yield on cultivated alkaline soilsites in Florida and the Gulf States. Recently noted as having the best resistance to Pierce's Disease and does not act as host to the bacterium.
TARA:
Bronze, self-fertile V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Reported as species superior in cold-hardiness, very vigorous, with high yields of good (17%) fruit sugar content. Ripens early to mid-season, if "girdled" (a.k.a dry-scarred), in the southern states of the USA where it finds main use as a tablegrape.
Complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar. Derived from a Luola x (Eden x (Eden x V. Munsonia)) cross. Mainly grown in the South and Gulf States of the U.S.A where it is recommended as a suitable wine or tablegrape variety, having good Pierce's Disease resistance.
Historically important American (V. labrusca x V. riparia) variety. Has the synonym name Bullitt. One of the most compatible vines used by the hybridizers during the 19th century phylloxera crisis in Europe. Still grown on that continent where it is mainly used to produce a sweet dessert wine. Is best known as one of the pedigree parents of the Missouri Riesling, Elvira and Noah oldline varieties.
Listed by Hedrick (Grapes of New York, 1912) as a V.lincecumii Post Oak cepagé variety discovered about 1883 in Texas. Used by T.V. Munson as one of the parents in a number of his crossbred hybrids. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name G-2918. Introduced in 1947 by the Missouri State Farm Experiment Station. Derived from a Herbert x Worden cross. Very large black-skinned fruit grows in medium/large, loose clusters and ripens at the same time as Concord. This hybrid variety is widely grown in Georgia (CIS) and the wine from it is extensively used in that countries blended red wines.
Complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar. (No other details as yet).
Selected seedling by an east-european breeder. Notable for producing a blue-skin grape with a distinctive Concord-type flavor profile. Ripens about 6 weeks before the latter vine and is hardier. Recommended as a juice or seedless tablegrape for cold climates. No other details as yet.
Complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar. Derived from a Latham x Burgaw cross. Mainly grown in the Deep South and Gulf States of the U.S.A where it is recommended as a suitable tablegrape variety with good Pierce's Disease resistance.
French-American hybrid, (a.k.a Baco 2-16), suitable for Winemaking. Derived from Baco 45A and Baco 1 and as such is of labrusca/riperia/vinifera ancestry. Ripens very early in season. The acidic white wines produced by french growers from this variety are mainly used for distillation into Cognac Brandy.
Reportedly a.k.a NY 65.533.13. Newly, (1996), released variety derived from a Traminer Rot x Joannes Seyve 23416 cross by Cornell Univ. viticulturists. Quite cold-hardy, bears large clusters and is suitable for cool climates, although own-rooted cuttings are reported to show rooting problems and shy fruit productivity in some areas. Suitable grafted roots are recommended by the developers. Vine has moderate vigor, requires no spraying against Powdery Mildew but may need a couple for protection against Downy Mildew if season is unusually wet. This late midseason - (generally early to mid-October) - ripening white-wine producer variety is claimed to be superior in its balance of sugar, acid and pH levels to that of the most famous of its parents, (see above), and also has less bitter phenols. Initially simple, the wine ages well; developing honey and apricot flavors in 2 to 5 bottle years. Small trial commercial and nursery acreages can be found in the Canandaigua and Seneca Lakes area of New York State's Finger Lakes region, and other regions, because of the current acceptance of this hybrid grape. State of Virginia trial crops proved to be very resistant to bunch rot after the unusually heavy rainfall of 1996.
Variety derived from a MG 101-14 x Knipperle cross. Has synonym name Kuhlmann 319-1. Early ripening hybrid cultivar gaining popularity in the United Kingdom where it is used as a red wine producer claimed by some to have a winetaste somewhat like a Gamay Noir wine. (No other details as yet other than it is attractive to birds and insects).
This vitis hybrid cultivar, used for tablegrape production, is a Concord x Chasselas Musque hybrid cross that has several synonym names including Campbell's Concord and Jossling St. Albans. Not to be confusedwith the similarly named bronze, self-fertile V. Rotundifolia cultivar, synonym name Georgia 9-6-2, developed earlier by T. V. Munson from a Fry x Georgia S.29-49 cross that ripens in early-mid season with good (18%) fruit sugars. "Girdle" (a.k.a dry scar) for low to medium production.
Hard-frost resistant (to -30 deg. F. ie. -35 C) seedless variety created by Elmer Swenson. Suitable as tablegrape or for wine production. Reported to grow small, seedless berries on medium size compact clusters capable of long hangtime until a hard frost. Ripens very early with blue-black skin and high sugar content having a mild Concord-type flavor. No other details as yet.
No other details as yet other than it is reported to be a collective name for french-american hybrid varieties currently grown in certain southern Styria and South Burgenland districts of Austria. The fruit is used there to make typical labrusca-style wines (legal since 1992) having strawberry-reminiscent aroma's etc.
Pronounced 'VAL van-MUSS cat'. Has synonym name NY 62.0122.01. Listed as a mid-season ripening wine grape suitable for creating distinctively Muscat-flavored white wine useful as a varietal or for blending. Recently released (2006) from the NYS Agricultural Station, Geneva NY, it was derived in 1962 from a Muscat du Moulin x Muscat Ottonel cross. Well suited to cool climates such as the N.E. USA, it needs controls against disease and only grown on suitable rootstocks. Winter hardy to -14 deg. F. Fruit should be picked when its Muscat flavors have peaked. No other details as yet.
Very early ripening, hardy American Labruscana (Fredonia x Worden) seeded table cultivar developed and released in 1935 by the Geneva, N.Y. Agricultural Station. Has characteristics similar to the Wordenvariety. Susceptible to fungus diseases like Downy Mildew and problems with split-skin etc.
Popular name for the promising Cliche 8414 variety derived from a Vandal 64 x Vandal 163 1984 cross by a private breeder resident in Quebec, Canada. No other details as yet other than it is a cold-climate hardy cultivar whose fruit has been used to successfully create a white wine and is currently (1999) undergoing field trial in Upper Canada.
Moderately cold hardy, to -20 deg. F (-29 C), early ripening hybrid cultivar released by Vineland, Ontario, Canada, Research Station that generally buds in late May. Is the result from crossing Seneca x NY 45910, the latter cultivar descended from the Bath and Interlaken varieties. Fruity, sweet-tasting berries resistant to cracking in wet conditions. Very disease resistant, ripening about 4-5 weeks before Concord. Very vigorous when first planted but growth slows down eventually with suitable pruning.
Claimed as extreme cold-hardy to -50 deg. F (ca -42 C.) red wine grape cultivar developed from Fredonia x Wild Montana (V.riparia) cross at South Dakota State University. Requiring a dry climate it is very susceptible to the mildew diseases. Unusual extreme cold tolerant cultivar in that it is capable of low acids (<1%) and high sugars (up to 20%). Daylight sensitive, it commonly goes dormant around September 1st. Currently grown in Minnesota, S. Dakota and in some other US and Canadian midwest regions including Manitoba, Canada where it reportedly needed no winter protection. Mostly used in blends, but can make agreeable jelly and is recommended by some as a (small berry) tablegrape. Listed as ripening about three weeks before Concord.
Has synonym name Seyve Villard 23-657. Appears to be a cross between Seibel 4668 and Seibel 6905 cultivars. Reported to be vigorous with moderate disease resistance. Recommended for cool-climate regions it usually ripens around mid-late October. Used to create red/rosé wines.
Experimental French-American hybrid developed at the Vineland Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario, Canada in 1961 from a 1953 cross between the Cascade and a Seyve-Villard hybrid cultivar. (No other details as yet).
Cold hardy to -25 deg. F. (ca -32 C.) American hybrid developed in 1974 by the Ontario Horticultural Research Institute of Canada. Is a cross between the Elvira V. Riparia variety and Chelois. Has improved resistance to fruit cracking. Recommended as suitable for making crisp labrusca-flavored wine, or juice production. Ripens late September, with berries that are high in sugar and acid content if left past maturity. The vine has some susceptibility to tomato ringspot virus and requires grafting if grown on virus-infected sites. Currently grown in Canada, S. Dakota and other mid-west U.S. states.
Reported as an Alden x NY 46000 cross. Vigorous seedless hybrid variety, cold hardy to about -15 deg. F (-26 C). Released by the University of Arkansas. Generally buds in late May and ripens around mid-to-late September in New York. The cultivar gives large berries, in well-filled medium clusters, with a distinctive "muscat and spice" flavor profile. Not always completely seedless. Has susceptibility to rot in wet/humid conditions because of packed berries in the bunch when ripe. This blue-black skinned grape was developed for use in the middle band or south-central states of the U.S.A. Recommended for tablegrape and grapejuice production.
Has synonym name Seibel 9110. Mainly planted in the Finger Lakes region of Western New York state and in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario and Okanagan, B.C. regions of Canada. Suitable for eating as a table grape as well as for making white wine. Cold hardiness is not as good as that of competing varieties. Usually ripens around mid-October.
Vigorous, moderately productive and marginally hardy old-line nineteenth century American V. labrusca variety once widely grown in New York. Has Dracut O.P (Amber) variety listed in USDA database (above) as pedigree parent, although Hedrick (in "Grapes of New York", 1912) lists it as a chance seedling found in Vermont around 1874. Ripens about 2 weeks after Concord to give light-dark red skinned fruit noted for its late-keeping and shipping abilities into January. No other details as yet other than the vine appears to have gross characteristics similar to the Lutie variety.
Popular late-season (around mid-late September) maturing french-american hybrid white-wine creating variety producing large clusters with fruity, floral flavors and good balance. Requires sites with long growing season and is moderately cold-resistant to -5 deg. F. (ca -20 C.). Needs grafting (eg. "SO4" rootstock) for extra vigor when used in certain soil conditions and is reportedly susceptible to leaf burn from copper-containing sprays. Derived from an Ugni Blanc x Rayon d'Or cross, it usually needs cluster thinning to achieve superior results. Made in a variety of styles - (i.e: Dry to sweet including late-harvest dessert style and ice wines). Cool region grapes vinified in a Rhine/Mosel manner are said to have a Riesling-like character.
Has technical synonym name Seyve-Villard 12-375. French-american hybrid grape derived from a Seibel 6468 x Seibel 6905 cross. Vigorous, productive, fungus disease resistant. Used mostly for making a fruity, mildly intense white wine. Benefiting from oak-ageing, it has a nuanced "smoky" flavor in the better vintage years that some find reminiscent of Chardonnay. Still widely planted in France despite E.U. rules attempting to phase-in strict variety limitations. It is also grown in the cooler regions of the Northern U.S. and Canada. Does not always fully mature its fruit in very cool regions such as the Finger Lakes region of N.Y. because of late ripening around late October-early November. Claimed by some to show limited resistance to Pierce's Disease (up to seven years) in some southern regions of the US east coast. Best grown on shallow, mild lime-content soils because it has been reported that juice from vines grown on rich soils develops a protein haze during fermentation. Currently recommended for planting in Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. Also recommended as a tablegrape when fully ripened.
Has synonym technical designation Seyve-Villard 18-315. Variety is derived from a Seibel 7053 x Seyve Villard 12-375 cross, the latter variety having the popular name Villard Blanc listed above. Still commonly grown in France for use as a winegrape where it ripens late mid-season and is a fungus disease resistant heavy producer.
Very deep red wine grape-cross released in 1967 by the Horticultural Research Institute of Canada at Vineland, Ontario. Suitable for producing full-bodied table/port style wines. Limited acreages of this cold hardy variety are grown in the Finger Lakes region of W. New York mainly for use as a "teinturier-style" blend coloring agent. Ripens in mid-October. Has some susceptibility to Powdery Mildew fungus.
Developed and released in 1964 by the Vineland Horticutural Research Station at Vineland, Ontario, Canada. Reported to be a Brockton x Self clonal crossing. Fruit clusters are large-very large, with berries that are a little larger than, and ripen a little earlier than, Catawba. Needs long growing season to fully ripen. Makes a barely "foxy" red wine suitable for blending or as a rosé varietal.
Has synonym name Vineland 63331. Hybrid cross released in 1983 by Ontario Horticultural Research Institute of Canada. Is result of a Vineland 50154 x NY 25681 cross. Hardiness slightly less than Concord, but better than Seyval Blanc. Vulnerable to fungal diseases. Ripens in early October at Vineland, Ontario, Canada, giving small, yellow-tan skinned berries. Although vigorous and productive this cultivar has not excited much interest despite claims of good white wine (similar to Riesling) production.
American/vinifera hybrid variety developed by the prolific New York (USA) hybridizer Andrew Jackson Caywood in the mid-19th century. Its claim to fame now rests on its use in the development of the Dutchesscultivar. (See above).
Reported to be a cross of Ontario x Mills. (No information on this grape as yet other than it is an early ripening variety developed at the Geneva Institute in the Finger Lakes region of N.Y State and is one of the parents of the Buffalo grape found on small acreages in British Columbia, Canada).
Reported to be an early ripening cross of the Ontario x Mills varieties. Developed at the Geneva Institute of New York around the mid-1930's. Similar to the Watkins and Yates varieties.
(No information on this grape yet other than it is a Muscadine hybrid cultivar suitable for wine and juice in Florida).
V.riparia variety having synonym name South Dakota 62-8-58. No other details as yet.
Has synonym name Green Mountain. Reported as developed in Vermont, USA it is currently listed as having an unknown V.labrusca/V.vinifera/V.aestivalis pedigree. Productive and cold hardy, it is currently recommended for tablegrape use. No other details as yet.
Derived from a Winona x America cross. Reported as early budbreaking, heavy yielding cultivar susceptible to leaf spot disease but otherwise with good disease resistance. Makes very dark red wine some regard as having an interesting flavor. No other details as yet.
According to the Geilweilerhof database (above) is a Norton O.P. selection. No other details as yet.
WITT:
(No other details as yet other than this variety is derived from a Concord O.P cultivar and is involved in the parentage of the Edelweiss variety).
Is a 19th century Concord O.P selection. Vigorous and hardy to -35 deg. F. (ca -32 C.), it ripens two to three weeks before Concord, requiring similar pruning and yield control. This blue-black skinned grape variety is claimed to be resistant to Downy Mildew.
American hybrid vine reported as discovered in N. Pennsylvania 1861. According to Hedrick, Grapes of New York, the vine is vigorous and hardy. Fruit ripens around 10 days earlier than Concord with med-small clusters of dull/rich amber-red skin color. Its generally poor wild labrusca flesh and strongly foxy flavor quality does not recommend it. Not to be confused with a similarly named V. Riparia vine found in Montana, USA. No other details as yet.
Is claimed to be a complex V.lincecumii x (V.labrusca, V.rupestris, V.vinifera) cross. Reported as a America x R.W. Munson variety developed by R.W. Munson. No other details as yet.
Early ripening variety developed at the Geneva Istitute of New York around the mid 1930's. Reported to be the result of a cross Mills x Ontario, similar to Watkins and Wayne.
Possibly developed by the Viticultural Station at Sremski Karlovci, Serbia. Grapes are reported as small, dark blue in small clusters. No other details except that the plant might be either a rootstock or winegrape.
ZITA:
Is reported as a Concord O.P offsping.
